首页分享福建地区不同栽培模式下百香果的产量与品质特征

福建地区不同栽培模式下百香果的产量与品质特征

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-07-22 13:42

摘要：

为探究多级结果蔓栽培模式和单级结果蔓栽培模式下百香果大田生长时间、产量与品质相关指标表现特征,于2020—2021年开展百香果大田生产试验,并以紫果类主栽品种台农1号百香果和黄果类品种芭乐味百香果为材料,观察或测定2种栽培模式下百香果开花、结果、产量与品质相关指标,并分析果实品质指标间,以及果实品质指标与果实成熟期内温度、光照等气象因子的相关性。结果表明:1)与多级结果蔓栽培模式相比,单级结果蔓栽培模式下,百香果植株现蕾期、始花期和始果期的时间均较迟,果实发育成熟所需时间缩短,成花率和坐果率显著增加,且花蕾期、成花率、果实发育成熟期和坐果率的变异系数均较低,台农1号和芭乐味从定植到采收结束时所需时间分别比多级结果蔓栽培模式缩短69~71 d和51~58 d;2)从实收总产量及其产量构成因素看,单级结果蔓栽培模式下单株产量显著低于多级结果蔓栽培模式,且其全部由一级蔓产量组成,而多级结果蔓栽培模式下单株产量由主蔓、一级蔓、二级蔓和三级蔓产量组成,各级结果蔓产量在总产量占比上表现不一致;与多级结果蔓栽培模式相比,单级结果蔓栽培模式下百香果单株结果数量显著减少,但平均单果重和中大果比率显著提高;3)与多级结果蔓栽培模式相比,在单级结果蔓栽培模式下,果实总酸含量显著降低,果皮重、果汁量、可食率、总糖、糖酸比提高,且果实品质中7项指标值的变异系数均较低,温度、光照等气象因子与果实品质存在极显著相关性。综上所述,百香果在单级结果蔓栽培模式下可缩短大田生长时间,而且开花、结果、产量与品质相关指标表现特征均优于多级结果蔓栽培模式,各项指标值变异系数相对稳定。

关键词: 百香果, 多级结果蔓, 单级结果蔓, 栽培模式, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explored the characteristics of field growth time, yield and quality related indexes of passion fruit under multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode and single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode, from 2020 to 2021, a field production trial of passion fruit was conducted. The main planting variety of the purple-fruited passion fruit Tainong No. 1 and the yellow-fruited passion fruit Balewei were selected as materials. The study observed and measured the flowering, fruiting, yield, and quality-related indicators of passion fruit under two cultivation modes. It also analyzed the correlation between fruit quality indicators and meteorological factors such as temperature and light during the fruit ripening period. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode, the date for passion fruit plants to start budding, flowering, and fruit setting was later in the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode. The time required for fruit development and maturation was shortened, the flower and fruit setting rates significantly increased, and the coefficients of variation of the budding period, flowering rate, fruit development and maturation time, and fruit setting rate were all relatively low. The time from planting to harvest for Tainong No. 1 and Balewei was shortened by 69-71 d and 51-58 d, respectively, compared to the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode. 2) In terms of the total actual yield and its components, the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode resulted in significantly lower individual plant yields compared to the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode. All of its yield came from the primary vine, whereas the individual plant yield in the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode was composed of yields from the main vine, primary vine, secondary vine, and tertiary vine, and the proportions of yields from each level of vine varied. Compared with the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode, the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode led to a significant reduction in the number of fruit per plant, but a significant increase in the average fruit weight and the proportion of medium to large-sized fruit. 3) When compared with the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode, the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode led to a significant decrease in the total acid content of the fruit, whereas the fruit skin weight, juice volume, edibility rate, total sugar, and sugar-acid ratio increased. Moreover, the coefficients of variation of the values of the 7 indicators of fruit quality were relatively low, and there was a significant correlation between meteorological factors such as temperature and light and fruit quality. In summary, the passion fruit under the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode shortened the field growth time and exhibited superior characteristics in terms of flowering, fruiting, yield, and quality-related indicators compared to the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode, with relatively stable coefficients of variation for the various indicators.

Key words: passion fruit, multi-tiered fruiting vine, single-tier fruiting vine, cultivation mode, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S667.9