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活性氧及染色体端粒调控种子老化研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-07-12 13:53

摘要：

种子使植物能够在恶劣的环境条件下生存，将遗传信息从亲代传递给下一代。种子活力是农业中的一个重要性状，直接影响田间出苗率和作物产量。然而，由于种子老化，种子活力在贮藏过程中下降。为了有效地保护基因资源，减少由于种子老化给农业生产带来的巨大经济损失，有必要探究种子老化的机制，以便了解种子老化的起因以及老化过程中发生的一系列重要事件。在种子贮藏过程中，高温高湿是加速种子老化的两个主要因素。活性氧（ROS）引起的氧化损伤是主要原因。ROS可导致蛋白质损伤、脂质过氧化、染色体端粒结构异常和DNA损伤引起的各种细胞成分损伤。此外，ROS还诱导细胞程序性死亡，导致种子老化。种子在吸胀初期会对一些损伤进行修复，但是，如果对关键结构造成巨大损伤，就会导致修复失败，种子永久失去活力，无法在相对较短的时间内正常发芽。种子老化的确切机制尚未得到全面研究。基于此，本研究主要综述了种子老化过程中ROS的产生以及清除途径、ROS对生物大分子的影响、染色体端粒系统对种子老化的响应以及种子耐老化相关基因的研究进展，并提出了展望。这对了解种子老化的原因以及种子老化机制的解析具有重要意义。

关键词: 种子老化, 活性氧, 氧化胁迫, 染色体端粒, 蛋白质羰基化, 细胞程序性死亡

Abstract:

Seeds enable plants to survive in harsh environmental conditions and can transmit genetic information from their parents to the next generation. Seed vigor is an important character in agriculture， which directly affects the field emergence rate and crop yield. However， due to seed aging， seed vigor decreased during storage. In order to effectively protect genetic resources and reduce the huge economic losses caused by seed aging to agricultural production， it is necessary to explore the mechanism of seed aging in order to understand the causes of seed aging and a series of important events that occur in the aging process. During seed storage， high temperature and humidity are the two main factors to accelerate seed aging. The oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species （ROS） is the main reason. ROS can interact with any biological macromolecule， leading to protein damage， lipid peroxidation， chromosomal telomere structure abnormality and various cell components damage caused by DNA damage. In addition， ROS may also induce programmed cell death， leading to seed aging. At the initial stage of imbibition， the seeds will repair some damage， but if they cause great damage to key structures， they will fail to repair， and the seeds will lose their vitality permanently， so they cannot germinate normally in a relatively short time. The exact mechanism of seed aging has not been fully studied. Based on this， this study mainly reviewed the generation and elimination of ROS during seed aging， the influence of ROS on biological macromolecules， the response of chromosome telomere system to seed aging， and the research progress of genes related to seed aging， which is of great significance for understanding the causes of seed aging and analyzing the mechanism of seed aging.

Key words: seed aging, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, telomeres, protein carbonylation, programmed cell death