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玉米抗蚜遗传研究进展.docx

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-04-05 16:43

玉米抗蚜遗传研究进展李荣改，李兴华，宋炜，王江浩，张全国，王立伟（河北省作物遗传育种重点实验室, 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所，石家庄 050035）摘要：玉米（Zea mays L.，2n=20）是全世界种植最广且总产量最高的粮食作物，同时也是饲用、化工、燃料、医药等行业的重要原料。蚜虫是危害玉米生产的主要害虫之一。在我国危害玉米的蚜虫主要是玉米蚜（Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch），近年来在北方春玉米区、黄淮海夏播玉米区玉米蚜的危害呈上升趋势，而玉米抗玉米蚜种质资源尚不丰富，迄今未发现对玉米蚜完全免疫的玉米材料。玉米对玉米蚜的抗性遗传机制比较复杂，多表现为隐性遗传、由一对基因、两对基因、两对互补基因和多基因控制。目前仅定位了少数抗蚜性位点,对玉米抗蚜性产生的生理生化机理进行了初步探讨。本文重点综述以往的研究成果并对玉米抗蚜研究的前景进行了展望。关键词：玉米，玉米蚜，抗性遗传，抗蚜机理 Advances in Genetic Study of Maize Resistance to Corn Leaf Aphid LI Rong-gai, LI Xing-hua, SONG Wei, WANG Jiang-hao, ZHANG Quan-guo, Wang Li-wei, (Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei Province, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China) Abstract: Cultivated maize (Zea mays L., 2n=20) is the most widely grown and the highest total output crop in the world, and is also an important raw material for the feed, chemical, fuel, and pharmaceutical industries. Aphids are one of the main insect herbivores that reduced maize production. In China, the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) is the major aphid that damages maize production. In recent years, the risk of the corn leaf aphids in the northern spring maize planting area and the Huanghuaihai summer maize growing area is on the rise, while the maize germplasm resources with resistance to aphids are not abundant. So far maize resources that is completely immune to aphids have not been found. The inheritance patterns of resistance to aphids in maize are complex, of which, most were characterized in recessive manners, and controlled by one, two, or multiple genes. So far, only few resistant QTLs and genes have been mapped. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms of resistance to aphids have been preliminarily studied. This paper focuses on the previous research results and proposes possible future study on aphid resistance in maize. Key words: Maize, Corn leaf aphid, Resistance inheritance, Resistance mechanism 作者简介