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Control of black spot on rose, 2007

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-05 16:33

摘要

‘Morden Centennial’ roses in #5 pots were placed in a completely randomized design in an outdoor container area at the UMN Teaching, Research and Education nursery in St. Paul, MN. There were seven plants per treatment. Treatments included RhapsodyAS (Bacillus subtilis), Sonata ASO (Bacillus pumilis), Concern Garden Defense (Neem oil), Fung-onil Concentrate (Chlorothalonil), and an untreated control. Overhead irrigation was used to maintain adequate moisture in the pots during the day and to provide a 3 hour mist cycle each night after sunset. On 5 July all treatments were applied using a Gilmour 0.5 gallon handheld sprayer, except Concern Garden Defense, which was applied in the ready to use (RTU) spray bottle that the product is sold in. Concern Garden Defense was formulated to a concentration of 0.9% clarified hydrophobic extract of neem oil and was applied without further dilution. Applications were made to run off and were repeated every seven days until 9 Aug, for a total of 6 applications. On 6 July, two 1 gallon bags of symptomatic rose leaves, naturally infected with black spot, were collected from over 20 different cultivars at the UMN Horticultural Research Station in Chaska, MN and the UMORE Park Horticultural Gardens in Rosemont, MN. Leaves were misted with distilled water and held at 4C for 15hrs, then fully submerged in distilled water for an additional 7 hours. Leaves were strained from the solution and spore concentration was calculated to be 27,000 spores/ml with the use of ahemacytometer. A solution of .05% water agar was mixed with the inoculum at a rate of 1 part water agar solution to 5 parts inoculum. On 8 July, all roses were sprayed to run off on both the upper and lower leaf surfaces with the inoculum solution and covered in an opaque plastic tarp to maintain leaf wetness. On 10 July, the tarp was temporarily removed to reapply the inoculum solution. In total the plants remained covered with the plastic tarp for three days following the initial inoculation and wereperiodically misted with water to maintain leaf wetness. After this period, plants were uncovered for the remainder of the experiment. From 18 July to 15 Aug, plants were visually rated once a week for percent infected leaf area and percent defoliationusing the Horsfall-Barratt scale described below. Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was calculated for all treatments.展开▼

机译：在明尼苏达州圣保罗的UMN教学，研究和教育托儿所中，将＃5罐中的“摩登百年纪念”玫瑰完全随机设计放在室外的容器区域中。每种处理有七株植物。治疗方法包括RhapsodyAS（枯草芽孢杆菌），Sonata ASO（枯草芽孢杆菌），关注花园防御（Neem油），Fung-Onil浓缩液（氯草隆）和未经处理的对照。白天使用高架灌溉来保持花盆中足够的水分，并在日落之后的每晚提供3小时的雾气循环。在7月5日，所有处理均使用Gilmour 0.5加仑手持式喷雾器进行，但Concern Garden Defense除外，该喷雾器已在销售该产品的即用型（RTU）喷雾瓶中使用。Concern Garden Defense的配制浓度为0.9 ％的印ne油澄清疏水提取物，无需进一步稀释即可使用。申请开始进行，每7天重复一次，直到8月9日，总共6次。 7月6日，从明尼苏达州Chaska的UMN园艺研究站和明尼苏达州Rosemont的UMORE公园园艺园的20多个不同品种中收集了两份1加仑的有症状的玫瑰叶子，这些叶子自然感染了黑斑。将叶子用蒸馏水雾化并在4C保持15小时，然后再完全浸入蒸馏水中7小时。从溶液中滤出叶片，并使用血细胞计数器测定孢子浓度为27,000个孢子/ ml。将0.05％的水琼脂溶液与接种物以1份水琼脂溶液相对于5份接种物的比率混合。在7月8日，将所有玫瑰花用接种溶液喷洒在上下叶片表面，并用不透明的塑料篷布覆盖以保持叶片湿润。 7月10日，临时除去防水布以重新接种。最初接种后三天，总的来说，这些植物仍被塑料防水布覆盖，并定期用水喷雾以保持叶片湿润。在这段时间之后，在其余的实验中发现了植物。从7月18日至8月15日，每周使用目测对植物的感染叶面积百分比和脱叶百分比进行视觉评估，方法如下所述。计算所有治疗的疾病进展曲线下面积（AUDPC）。展开▼