首页分享寒温带地区非生长季典型森林群落凋落物分解及养分释放

寒温带地区非生长季典型森林群落凋落物分解及养分释放

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2026-04-23 18:04

摘要:

目的研究寒温带森林凋落物在非生长季的分解及养分释放特征，可为寒温带地区森林养分循环及森林生产力评价提供理论依据。

方法选取寒温带地区 4 种典型森林（白桦林、山杨林、兴安落叶松林和樟子松林）为研究对象，采用埋袋法进行分解试验，分析秋季、冬季和春季冻融期凋落物分解和养分释放动态变化。

结果秋季是非生长季凋落物质量损失率和养分释放最高的时期，4种林型凋落物质量损失率在17.50% ~ 30.60%之间，白桦林凋落物分解最快，兴安落叶松林分解最慢。冬季凋落物质量损失率在0.52% ~ 5.12%之间，春季冻融期在3.12% ~ 7.65%之间。非生长季白桦林分解最快，分解速率达1.37 g/(kg·d)，兴安落叶松林最慢，为0.87 g/(kg·d)。4种林型秋季凋落物中C、P、K元素均处于释放状态，且释放率在17.45% ~ 65.90%之间，其中白桦林C、P释放率最大，分别为28.14%、65.90%，山杨林K释放率最大为58.19%。冬季4种林型凋落物中C、P、K释放率大幅降低，N呈现累积状态，累积率在1.44% ~ 51.54%之间。春季冻融期间，凋落物养分释放率有所回升，但不同林型受土壤温湿度影响，波动性较大。

结论寒温带4种林型在非生长季凋落物质量损失率在21.60% ~ 42.37%之间，除山杨林N整体上呈现累积状态外，其他林型凋落物C、N、P、K元素均表现为释放，凋落物质量损失率、元素C、P、K释放均以秋季为主，而N释放则以春季为主。

Abstract:

Objective Studying the decomposition and nutrient release characteristics of forest litter during the non-growing season aims to provide theoretical basis for forest nutrient cycling and productivity evaluation in cold temperate zone.

Method Four typical forests (Betula platyphylla forest, Populus davidiana forest, Larix gmelinii forest and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest) in cold-temperate regions were selected to conduct the decomposition experiment using bagging method and analyze the decomposition and nutrient release dynamic of litter during autumn, winter and freezing-thawing in spring, respectively.

Result The highest mass loss rate and nutrient release of litter was found in autumn. The litter mass loss rate of the four forest types ranged from 17.50% to 30.60%, in which the fastest and slowest litter decomposition were found in the Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii forest, respectively. In particularly, the mass loss rate of litter in winter ranged from 0.52% to 5.12%, while the range from 3.12% to 7.65% was found in freezing-thawing period of spring. In the non-growing season, the fastest decomposition rate 1.37 g/(kg·d) occurred in Betula platyphylla, while the slowest was found in Larix gmelinii forest with 0.87 g/(kg·d). Both C, P, and K in the litter of the four forest types exhibited the released state, in which the range of release rate ranged from 17.45% to 65.90%. The release rates of C and P in Betula platyphylla forest were the highest, 8.14% and 65.90%, respectively, and the release rate of K in Populus davidiana forest was the highest, being 58.19%. In contrary, N showed a cumulative state in all forest communities. The release rates of C, P, and K in the four forest communities litter in winter were greatly reduced, while N showed a cumulative state, with the cumulative rate ranged from 1.44% to 51.54%. During the freezing-thawing period in spring, the nutrient release rate of litter increased, but different forest types fluctuated greatly due to the influence of soil temperature and humidity.

Conclusion In the non-growing season, the litter mass loss rate of the four forest types in the cold temperate zone ranges from 21.60% to 42.37%. Except for the overall accumulation of N in Populus davidiana forest, the C, N, P and K elements in the litter of other forest types are released. The litter mass loss rate and the release of C, P and K elements are mainly in autumn, while the N release is mainly in spring.

图 1 不同林型5 cm深度土壤温度与含水量变化

Figure 1. Changes of soil temperature and moisture content at 5 cm depth in different forest types

X代表图中显著性字母，XB、XS、XL、XZ分别表示为白桦林、山杨林、兴安落叶松林、樟子松林；大写字母表示同一林型凋落物不同分解时间之间的显著性，小写字母表示不同林型凋落物同一分解时间之间的显著性(P < 0.05)。下同。X represents the significant letter in the figure, XB, XS, XL and XZ represent Betula platyphylla forest, Populus davidiana forest, Larix gmelinii forest, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest, respectively; Capital letters indicate the significance among different decomposition time of litter in the same forest type, and small letters indicate the significance of different forest types in the same decomposition time of litter (P < 0.05). Same as below.

图 2 不同林型凋落物质量损失率和分解速率

Figure 2. Litter mass loss rate and decomposition rate of different forest types

图 3 不同分解时间4种林型凋落物养分含量及释放特征

Figure 3. Nutrient content and release characteristics of litter of four forest types at different decomposition time

表 1 大兴安岭北部 4种森林类型样地基本概况

Table 1 Basic conditions of sample plots of four forest types in northern Daxing’anling Mountains of northeastern China

林型
Forest type地理位置
Geographic location海拔
Elevation/m平均树高
Mean tree height/m平均胸径
Mean DBH/cm郁闭度
Canopy density 兴安落叶松林
Larix gmelinii forest 53°28′N 122°21′E 300 17.43 ± 6.80 15.20 ± 5.46 0.7 樟子松林
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest 53°24′N 122°15′E 520 22.18 ± 5.52 23.19 ± 5.80 0.7 白桦林
Betula platyphylla forest 53°25′N 122°11′E 430 14.67 ± 3.96 12.28 ± 5.21 0.8 山杨林
Populus davidiana forest 53°25′N 122°14′E 630 18.74 ± 4.31 13.80 ± 4.80 0.8

表 2 凋落物初始养分含量及化学计量

Table 2 Initial nutrient content and stoichiometry of litter

林型 Forest typeC/(mg·g−1)N/(mg·g−1)P/(mg·g−1)K/(mg·g−1)C∶NC∶PC∶KN∶PN∶K 白桦林
Betula platyphylla forest 443.33 ± 1.15Aab 6.52 ± 0.06Bb 1.55 ± 0.03Da 3.34 ± 0.15Ca 68.00 286.02 132.73 4.21 1.95 山杨林
Populus davidiana forest 435.33 ± 3.51Ab 9.23 ± 0.04Ba 0.87 ± 0.02Db 3.50 ± 0.08Ca 47.16 500.38 124.38 10.61 2.64 兴安落叶松林
Larix gmelinii forest 451.67 ± 4.43Aa 3.84 ± 0.15Bc 0.79 ± 0.05Db 1.24 ± 0.20Cb 117.62 571.73 364.25 4.86 3.10 樟子松林
Pinus sylvestris var.
mongolica forest 458.67 ± 5.01Aa 3.29 ± 0.14Bc 0.22 ± 0.01Dc 0.77 ± 0.14Cc 139.41 2 084.86 595.68 14.95 4.27 注：大写字母表示同一林型不同元素值之间的显著性，小写字母表示不同林型同一元素之间的显著性（P < 0.05）。下同。Notes: Capital letters indicate the significance between different elements of the same forest type, and lowercase letters indicate the significance between different forest types of the same elements
(P < 0.05). The same below.

表 3 凋落物分解速率相关性分析

Table 3 Correlation analysis of litter decomposition rate

凋落物养分元素初始含量及化学计量比
Initial content and stoichiometric ratio of nutrient elements in litter 土壤性质 Soil property C N P K C∶N C∶P C∶K N∶P N∶K 土壤温度
Soil temperature 土壤含水量
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