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Common problems and regulatory countermeasures of sunshine rose viticulture

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-12-31 15:37

Common problems and control countermeasures of sunshine rose viticulture

Funds:

Jiangsu Modern Agricultural (Grape) Industry Technology System Project (JATS[2020]185).

Li Ming and others

Shine - Muscat, also known as Natsune Muscat, is a European and American hybrid that is a Japanese fruit tree

The test site was bred by crossing Akitsu No. 21 × Haranan, and a new variety was introduced in Japan in March 2006

Registered and introduced to China in 2009. Sunshine rose grapes are deeply loved by consumers and growers for their beautiful appearance, strong rose fragrance, and high content of soluble solids, and have been rapidly promoted in Huai'an in recent years. But because of cultivation

The reason for the low management level is that there are problems such as the size of the ear, the sunburn of the fruit grains, the decline of fruit rust and the aroma of the fruit year by year, which affects the commerciality and income of the fruit. Huai'an Horticulture

Technical service station In February 2014, Sunshine Rose grapes were introduced from the School of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural UniversitySeedlings

After 6 years of introduction and observation, corresponding regulatory measures were put forward in response to the problems that arose, providing a scientific basis for improving the cultivation level of growers and the promotion and planting of new varieties.

1 Sunshine Rose Grape Advantages

Sunshine Rose grapes have developed roots and vigorous growth; Under natural conditions, the bud eye germination rate is about 80%, the flowering power is strong, and the fruit set rate is high. The peel color is green to yellow-green, the fruit powder is thick, the appearance is beautiful, the soluble solids content is 18%~23%, the rose flavor is strong, and the quality is excellent. Good yield, a small amount of fruit hanging in the second year of planting of annual seedlings in the experimental park, and entering the fruiting period in the third year, 666. 7 m2 yield is 1000 ~1 250 kg; The income is considerable, and the wholesale price of first-class fruit in Huai'an is 34~40 yuan per kilogram; The fruit hanging time is long, the storage is durable, and the fruit can be hung after ripening 2 ~ 2. 5 months, long shelf life. Better resistant to downy mildew

2 Common problems with sunshine rose viticulture

2. 1 Sunshine Rose grapes are very sensitive to viruses

In 2006, after the official registration and recognition of Sunshine Rose grapes in Japan, it was found that its seedlings carried the virus, and after 2~3 years of detoxification, they began to promote planting by grafting and propagation. After the introduction of Sunshine Rose grapes to China, due to the rapid development, the lack of systematic supervision of seedling propagation in the intermediate link led to the irregular propagation process of seedlings, and the introduction of viruses in the rootstock, intermediate anvil and other links. Sunshine rose grapes are very sensitive to viruses, especially seedlings produced by green branch grafting, which are more serious. According to the spot check and test results of the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the common sunshine rose grape seedlings in production

Some carry up to 5 types of viruses, resulting in a series of problems such as growth retardation and leaf wrinkling and deformity of seedlings.

2. 2 The management requirements of the current year's seedlings are high

Sunshine rose grapes are growing vigorously, and they can be formed in a horizontal frame after a year of proper management, but the requirements for management level are high, improper management or untimely supply of water and fertilizer, which can easily lead to weak growth of seedlings, shrunken and deformed leaves, and even become stiff seedlings.

2. 3 Improper fertilization

Sunshine rose grapes grow vigorously, like big fat and water, many growers when they first came into contact with this variety, blindly pursued high yield, did not pay attention to controlling yield, coupled with insufficient supply of fertilizer and water, affected the growth of the tree, resulting in nutritional imbalance, the later fruit quality is especially weak in aroma, losing its significant advantage of strong rose fragrance; Some growers often have insufficient or untimely supply of potassium fertilizer, resulting in insufficient nutrition and deterioration in the quality of trees.

2. 4 The shape of the ears is poor, and the size of the fruit grains is uneven

The fruit ears of Sunshine Rose grapes with good commerciality are conical, the fruit grains are compact, the size is uniform, the weight of the single grain is 12 ~ 15 g, seedless, and the ear weight is 600 ~ 1000 g after treatment with plant growth regulator. At present, many vineyards in Huai'an have loose spikes and large and small grains, which seriously affects their commerciality. The main reasons for these problems are that growers do not have enough understanding of the growth and fruiting traits of Sunshine Rose grapes and improper management, such as not thinning flowers and shaping flower spikes, and the tips of flower spikes are treated with gibberellin (GA3), which quickly elongates and causes loose spike shapes. some orchards do not pay attention to fruit thinning work, resulting in dense fruit grains; Some farmers do not carry out flower spike shaping, so the flowers are inconsistent, and the large and small grains appear seriously after nucleation and expansion treatment. When treating plant growth regulators, too early treatment time or too high concentration of regulators will also cause unsatisfactory spiking effect and large and small grains.

2. 5 sunburn and rust

Sunshine rose grapes are prone to sunburn (air burn), and in Huai'an area, if the continuous high temperature and the lack of leaf shade on the upper part of the fruit ear, the fruit temperature will increase sharply and there will be sunburn. After continuous rain suddenly clears, sunburn is more likely to occur. Sunshine rose grapes are prone to fruit browning (fruit rust) in the late stage of ripening, generally when the soluble solids of the fruit are greater than 16%, the fruit rust begins to gradually appear, with the increase of maturity, the fruit rust increases, the fruit is not recognized by consumers, resulting in the impact of growers' income.

3 Regulatory measures

3. 1 Choose seedlings from formal channels

Choose virus-free seedlings to build a garden. When purchasing seedlings, be sure to choose a regular seedling breeding enterprise that carries out detoxication seedling breeding or a highly credible agricultural college and academy of agricultural sciences to ensure that the seedlings are non-toxic, and the rootstock used for grafting seedlings should choose 5BB, 3309m, Beida, Xia Hei and other vigorous rootstocks. The seedlings grow robustly.

3. 2 Strengthen plastic surgery and flower and fruit management

Sunshine rose grapes like large fat and water, and seedlings are planted

In that year, we must strengthen management, erase all the budding below the grafting interface after the seedlings survive, select a strong new shoot to be tied upwards to the horizontal shelf, and leave 2 leaves to pick the heart under the shelf to promote the growth of the trunk. Cultivate the main vine and fruiting mother branch according to expectations. When pruning in winter, the diameter is less than 0. 6 cm of fruiting mother branches are cut off. In spring, buds except the top 3 buds were carved and monocylamide was applied to promote bud eye germination. In winter, pruning chooses a very short shoot pruning method that retains only 1 bud, ties the shoots when the length of the new shoots reaches 60 cm the following year, and retains 8 leaves to be pinned after the new shoots grow, and for the upper part of the inflorescence, the vigorous secondary shoots are left with 2 leaves and then repeatedly pinned, and the weak secondary shoots are allowed to grow. Remove tendrils in time to reduce nutrient consumption.

Remove weak and stunted inflorescences one week before flowering, leave only 1 flower spike on a fruiting branch, cut off the secondary spikes, remove the tip 1/5 ~1/4 of the overly long ears, and dip the ears with 50 mg/L gibberellin (GA3) 1 ~ 2 days after flowering. After one week of treatment, the professional fruit thinning workers in Yunnan carried out centralized fruit thinning work, thinning out deformed fruits, small fruits and diseased fruits, the amount of fruit left per ear was 50 ~ 60 grains, the fruit ripening arrangement was compact and beautiful, and the fruit thinning price of a grape in Huai'an area was 0. About 8 yuan, a worker's daily fruit thinning volume is 700 ~ 1 200 ears, and the fruit thinning work is completed quickly and with high standards for fruit harvesting and wholesale sales

It is of great significance. After 15 days of anucleation treatment, the fruits were enlarged and treated with gibberellin (GA3) 50 mg/L plus phenylurea cytokinin (CPPU)3. 3 mg/L for dipping; If there is no pre-test of plant growth regulator treatment in the early stage, do not change the treatment time (early or postponed) and plant growth regulator concentration to avoid irreversible results, such as the large and small grain phenomenon of stiff fruit, which will affect grape yield, quality and income.

3. 3 Reasonable fertilization to enhance the tree potential

Sunshine rose grapes are growing vigorously, and the fertilizer needed for growth and development must be supplied sufficiently. The nutrient required at the budding stage of spring was mainly nitrogen, and 2 kg of urea was applied to each hole. During the period of young fruit expansion, 2~4 kg of compound fertilizer was applied to the plant; During the fruit color change period, the demand for potassium fertilizer was great, and potassium sulfate fertilizer was applied 3 times, with an interval of 1 time on 10 days. In autumn, base fertilizer is applied, from the end of September to the end of October after fruit picking, and 200 kg of decomposed sheep and chicken manure, 15 kg of rapeseed cake, 10 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 5 kg of compound fertilizer, 2 kg of ammonium calcium nitrate, and 0. 15 kg, and the fertilizer dosage should be adjusted according to the corresponding proportion of fertilizer applied. Spray foliar fertilizer rich in trace elements such as zinc and boron and amino acids at the fruit set stage to improve fruit quality, supplement trace elements to prevent the synthesis of rose fragrance precursor substances from being blocked, and spray during fruit expansion 0. 2 ～ 0． 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sprayed 3 times in a row, 1 time at intervals of 5 ~ 7 days. Pay special attention to every 666. The output of 7 m2 should be controlled at 1000 ~1 250 kg to achieve the unity of high quality and sustainable development.

Sunshine Rose Grape

3. 4 Prevent sunburn and fruit rust

Fruit protection from sunburn, when building a garden, it is necessary to choose a suitable horizontal trellis, avoid the direct irradiation of sunlight on the fruit surface, the structure of the shelf in Huai'an area is mainly H-shaped shaping, or you can choose other frame types such as V-shaped, when the summer subsidiary management, in the front and back positions of the fruit ear planting place, be sure to keep 2 leaves to the pin, to ensure a certain number of leaves on the fruit ear effective shielding effect, in the case of particularly strong light, with the use of sunshade net to block the light, can significantly reduce the occurrence of fruit sunburn, can also be carried out in the orchard to reduce the surface temperature. Fruit rust usually occurs when the surface of the fruit changes from emerald green to yellow-green, and although bagging can reduce the occurrence of fruit rust, it cannot be completely avoided. At present, timely harvesting is the best way to rust fruits. It is usually harvested when the soluble solids content reaches 18% before the peel changes color.