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果树赤霉素代谢与信号途径研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-10-31 06:54

摘要： 赤霉素作为5大植物激素之一,在果树的花芽分化、花序发育、开花坐果、果实的生长发育及植株的形态建成等方面扮演着重要的角色,但对果树赤霉素的分子生物学研究与其他大田作物相比差距较大。为了在果树生产中能更加合理有效地利用赤霉素调控果树花果发育,研究果树赤霉素的合成及其信号转导途径的分子调控机制十分必要。研究发现GA合成的关键酶KO、GA2ox及GA20ox的表达均与果树矮化呈负相关,而KS的含量则与植株高矮呈正相关,板栗雄性不育现象也与KO、KAO的表达量密切相关。GAMYB基因及LFY基因则在果树的成花诱导和雄蕊发育等生殖生长过程中发挥重要作用。DELLA蛋白在果树的GA信号途径中作为负调控因子可致使矮化植株形成,在果树的细胞周期循环过程、转录调控、花的形成、细胞的信号转导及许多生理过程中,DELLA蛋白泛素化降解均扮演着至关重要的角色。主要从果树赤霉素的合成及赤霉素的信号途径两大方面,着重对果树赤霉素合成过程中的关键酶基因及其定位、果树赤霉素信号途径的重要元件如赤霉素受体GID1、DELLA蛋白等进行了综述,以期为高效利用赤霉素调控果树生长发育提供重要的理论参考。

关键词: 果树, 赤霉素, 代谢, 信号转导

Abstract: Gibberellin,as one of five major plant hormones,plays a key role in flower bud differentiation,inflorescence development,flowering and fruit setting,fruit growth and plant morphogenesis,etc. However,the research on molecular biology of gibberellin in fruit crops compared with field crops differs largely. In order to more effectively and reasonably use gibberellin to regulate fruit and flower development of fruit trees in fruit crops production,it is necessary to study the synthesis of gibberellin and the molecular regulation mechanism of signal transduction pathways. Here,two aspects,the synthesis of gibberellin of fruit crops and gibberellin signaling pathways,are reviewed,focusing on the key enzyme genes in the process of gibberellin synthesis and their localizations,as well as important components of gibberellin signaling pathway such as gibberellin receptor GID1,DELLA protein and so on. The results showed that the expressions of KO,GA2ox and GA20ox in GA synthesis were negatively correlated with the dwarf of fruit trees,while the content of KS was positively correlated with plant height. The male sterility of chestnut was also closely related to the expression of KO and KAO. GAMYB gene and LFY gene play an important role in the reproductive growth of fruit crops,such as flower formation and stamen development. DELLA protein,as a negative regulator in the GA signaling pathway in fruit trees,lead to the formation of dwarf plants,and DELLA protein ubiquitination degradation plays a vital role in the cell cycle,transcription regulation,flower formation,cell signal transduction,and many physiological processes of the fruit crops. This paper aims at providing an important theoretical reference for the modulation of fruit crop growth and development by effectively utilizing gibberellin.

Key words: fruit trees, gibberellin, metabolism, signal transduction