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植物赤霉素氧化酶及其功能研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-02-15 13:19

摘要：

赤霉素（gibberellin, GA）是一种重要的植物激素，调节植物的发育及其对环境信号的反应。GA生物合成的最后部分离不开赤霉素氧化酶（gibberellin oxidase，GAox）的催化。赤霉素氧化酶是赤霉素生物合成和分解代谢过程的关键酶，在植物体内的赤霉素生物合成和分解代谢途径中起到复杂的调节作用。GA20ox（gibberellin 20 oxidase）、GA3ox（gibberellin 3 oxidase）和GA2ox（gibberellin 2 oxidase）均属于赤霉素氧化酶基因家族，GA20ox和GA3ox是赤霉素生物合成过程中的限速酶，而GA2ox是赤霉素分解代谢的关键酶，三者共同参与GA生物合成途径的调节，从而保障植物在生长发育以及与环境相互作用过程中对GA的需求。赤霉素氧化酶参与调控植物生长发育的多个阶段，受到外界环境和内源因素的精密调控，目前已经在拟南芥、水稻、杨树等物种中克隆表达，其在不同物种之间的功能存在差异。本文主要围绕GA20ox、GA3ox和GA2ox三种酶进行介绍，对植物赤霉素氧化酶的特性、时空表达进行了阐述，并重点总结了赤霉素氧化酶的功能及其研究进展，以期为今后系统开展赤霉素氧化酶基因功能研究提供理论依据。

关键词: 赤霉素氧化酶, 基因功能, 生长发育, 非生物胁迫, 时空表达

Abstract:

Gibberellin（GA）is an important plant hormone that regulates plant development and its response to environmental signals, the biosynthesis and metabolism of GA are involved in a variety of enzymes, and gibberellin oxidase plays a key role in regulating the biosynthesis of gibberellin. Gibberellin oxidase is the key enzyme in gibberellin biosynthesis and catabolism and plays a complex regulatory role in the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway in plants. GA20ox（gibberellin 20 oxidase）, GA3ox（gibberellin 3 oxidase）and GA2ox（gibberellin 2 oxidase）are the gibberellin oxidase gene family. GA20ox and GA3ox are rate-limiting enzymes in gibberellin biosynthesis, while GA2ox is the key enzyme in gibberellin catabolism. And they regulate GA biosynthesis pathway in plants and ensure the plant's demand for GA during growth and development and interaction with the environment. Gibberellin oxidase is involved in regulating plant growth and development, and it is strictly regulated by environment and endogenous factors. Gibberellin oxidase has been cloned in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa; and poplar species, and its function varies among species. Therefore, this review focuses on the functions of GA20ox, GA3ox and GA2ox, describes the characteristics, spatial and temporal expression of plant gibberellin oxidase and the response of gibberellin oxidase to light and hormones, with special emphasis on the function of gibberellin oxidase and its research progress, aiming to provide information for further studies on gibberellin oxidase gene function.

Key words: gibberellin oxidase, gene function, growth and development, abiotic stresses, spatio-temporal expression