自卫死亡：动植物中免疫原性细胞死亡信号的比较概述。

Abstract

Host organisms utilise a range of genetically encoded cell death programmes in response to pathogen challenge. Host cell death can restrict pathogen proliferation by depleting their replicative niche and at the same time dying cells can alert neighbouring cells to prepare environmental conditions favouring future pathogen attacks. As expected, many pathogenic microbes have strategies to subvert host cell death to promote their virulence. The structural and lifestyle differences between animals and plants have been anticipated to shape very different host defence mechanisms. However, an emerging body of evidence indicates that several components of the host-pathogen interaction machinery are shared between the two major branches of eukaryotic life. Many proteins involved in cell death execution or cell death-associated immunity in plants and animals exert direct effects on endomembrane and loss of membrane integrity has been proposed to explain the potential immunogenicity of dying cells. In this review we aim to provide a comparative view on how cell death processes are linked to anti-microbial defence mechanisms in plants and animals and how pathogens interfere with these cell death programmes. In comparison to the several well-defined cell death programmes in animals, immunogenic cell death in plant defence is broadly defined as the hypersensitive response. Our comparative overview may help discerning whether specific types of immunogenic cell death exist in plants, and correspondingly, it may provide new hints for previously undiscovered cell death mechanism in animals.

摘要

宿主生物利用一系列遗传编码的细胞死亡程序来应对病原体的挑战。宿主细胞的死亡可以通过耗尽病原体的复制空间来限制其增殖，同时死亡的细胞可以向邻近的细胞发出警报，为未来的病原体攻击做好环境准备。可以预期的是，许多致病性微生物已经有策略来颠覆宿主细胞的死亡以促进其毒力。动物和植物之间的结构和生活方式的差异预计会形成非常不同的宿主防御机制。然而，越来越多的证据表明，宿主-病原体相互作用机制的几个组成部分在真核生物的两个主要分支之间是共有的。在动植物中，许多参与细胞死亡执行或与细胞死亡相关的免疫的蛋白质对内膜直接产生影响，并且膜完整性的丧失被认为可以解释垂死细胞的潜在免疫原性。在这篇综述中，我们旨在提供一个比较的视角，说明细胞死亡过程如何与动植物的抗微生物防御机制相关联，以及病原体如何干扰这些细胞死亡程序。与动物中几种明确界定的细胞死亡程序相比，植物防御中的免疫原性细胞死亡被广泛定义为过敏反应。我们的比较综述可能有助于确定植物中是否存在特定类型的免疫原性细胞死亡，并且相应地，它可能为动物中以前未发现的细胞死亡机制提供新的线索。

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