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入侵水生植物水莴苣和水葫芦对浮游生物群落动态及其生态系统功能的差异影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-10-16 07:20

入侵水生植物水莴苣和水葫芦对浮游生物群落动态及其生态系统功能的差异影响

Ziyao Shen , Jian Cui , Jinfeng Li , Ying Peng , Jian Li , Zhen Zhang , Andy Chan , Mianrun Chen , Dongrui Yao

引用次数: 0

摘要

浮游生物在维持水生生态系统稳定和食物网平衡中起着至关重要的作用。然而，浮游生物群落对入侵水生植物（如：层状皮鱼和石竹）的反应机制尚不清楚。本研究通过50天的微观环境实验，研究了这些入侵物种对淡水系统浮游生物多样性、原生植物（卵形Ludwigia ovalis）生长和营养动态的时间影响。结果表明，卵圆乳杆菌的生长没有显著变化(p >；0.05)， pH、EC、TN、TP显著降低(p <；0.05)。浮游生物优势种、功能群落（如功能群D、小桡足类和枝纲滤食性动物）及其共生网络被破坏。浮游植物的Shannon指数在第10天显著升高，在第50天显著降低(p <；0.05)，而后生浮游动物呈相反趋势。P. stratiotes降低了网络的复杂性，包括平均度和图密度，而E. crassipes破坏了建筑的完整性作为模块性，集体破坏了浮游生物相互作用的稳定性。SEM模型显示，青草通过减少TN间接降低EC(−0.412)，而层顶草直接抑制EC(−0.242)，导致浮游生物生物量、密度和多样性下降。这些发现阐明了物种特异性入侵机制及其对浮游生态系统的级联影响，为减轻入侵淡水栖息地生物多样性丧失和加强生态监测框架以保障生态系统服务提供了可操作的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Differential impacts of invasive aquatic plants water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on plankton community dynamics and its ecosystem functionality

Plankton plays a pivotal role in maintaining aquatic ecosystem stability and food web equilibrium. Yet, the mechanistic responses of plankton communities to invasive aquatic plants (e.g., Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes) remain poorly understood. This study investigated the temporal effects of these invasive species on plankton biodiversity, native plant (Ludwigia ovalis) growth, and nutrient dynamics in freshwater systems in a 50-day microcosm experiment. Results indicated no significant change in L. ovalis growth (p > 0.05), while pH, EC, TN, and TP significantly decreased (p < 0.05). And plankton dominant species, functional communities (e.g., functional group D and small copepoda and cladocera filter feeders) and their co-occurrence networks were disrupted. Moreover, the Shannon index of phytoplankton was significantly higher at day 10 and lower at day 50 (p < 0.05) than that of P. stratiotes, while the metazoan zooplankton showed the reverse trend. P. stratiotes reduced network complexity including average degree and graph density, while E. crassipes disrupted architectural integrity as modularity, collectively destabilizing plankton interactions. SEM model revealed that E. crassipes indirectly decreased EC via TN reduction (−0.412) while P. stratiotes directly suppressed EC (−0.242), cascading into decreased plankton biomass, density, and diversity. These findings elucidated species-specific invasion mechanisms and their cascading impacts on planktonic ecosystems, which could provide actionable insights for mitigating biodiversity loss in invaded freshwater habitats and enhancing ecological monitoring frameworks to safeguard ecosystem services.

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