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北京地区不同桃蚜种群的抗药性研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-09-18 13:05

摘要： 【目的】明确北京地区蔬菜主要害虫桃蚜的抗药性水平。【方法】采用室内生物测定方法检测北京地区6个田间种群和1个室内敏感种群对5种杀虫剂的敏感性，用双向等位特异PCR技术检测击倒抗性水平，并检测桃蚜体内2种抗性相关酶的活力。【结果】结果表明通州、顺义、大兴、海淀、延庆和门头沟6个田间种群和1个敏感种群桃蚜均对高效氯氰菊酯产生了高水平抗性，除延庆和门头沟外，抗性纯合子比例均在90%以上。门头沟、通州和延庆种群的桃蚜对毒死蜱和吡虫啉抗性倍数分别在2.05—4.24和32.03—41.27倍之间。除大兴种群对阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（抗性倍数分别为3.45和2.82），海淀种群对阿维菌素的敏感性有所降低外（抗性倍数为2.66），其它种群桃蚜对这2种药剂仍处于较敏感状态（抗性倍数在0.19—1.44）。羧酸酯酶活力与桃蚜对毒死蜱和吡虫啉的抗性倍数间存在明显的正相关性，乙酰胆碱酯酶活力与此2种杀虫剂的抗性倍数成负相关性。【结论】北京地区不同种群的桃蚜几乎对5种常用药剂均产生了不同程度的抗性。防治中应当停止使用高效氯氰菊酯，避免使用毒死蜱，部分地区可以交替使用阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和吡虫啉。

关键词: 桃蚜, 抗药性, 生物测定, 酶活力, 击倒抗性

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to survey the resistance level of peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), one of the most serious pest in Beijing area. 【Method】 Bioassay of five frequently used pesticides to six field populations and a sensitive population was conducted, the kdr resistance was detected by bi-PASA PCR method, and the esterase and acetylcholinesterase activities of this pest were tested. 【Result】 The results show that both the six field populations, in Tongzhou, Shunyi, Daxing, Haidian, Yanqing and Mentougou and the sensitive population developed resistance to beta-cypermethrin. The proportion of resistant homozygote was higher than 90% in all populations except for Yanqing and Mentougou. Mentougou, Tongzhou and Yanqing populations developed resistance to chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid with resistance ratio of 2.05-4.24 and 32.03-41.27, respectively. All of the field populations were sensitive to abamectin and emamectin benzoate (the resistance ratio was 0.19-1.44), except for the Daxing population (the resistance ratio was 3.45 and 2.82, respectively) and Haidian population to abamectin (the resistance ratio was 2.66). There was a significant positive correlation between the esterase activity and resistance ratio to chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid, while there was a negative correlation between acetylcholinesterase activity and resistance ratio of chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid. 【Conclusion】 The peach aphid in Beijing area developed resistance to nearly all frequently used pesticides tested in this study. The beta-cypermethrin should not be used, and the chlorpyrifos should be avoided, and abamectin, emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid could be used alternatively.

Key words: Myzus persicae (Sulzer), resistance to pesticide, bioassay, enzymatic activity, knockdown resistance