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3种荒漠植物光合及叶绿素荧光对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-09-10 22:18

Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Responses of Three Desert Species to Drought Stress and Evaluation of Drought Resistance

Author:

WANG Fanglin, CHAI Chengwu, ZHAO Peng, TANG Weidong, FU Guiquan, SUN Tao, XU Baoyi

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摘要:

利用盆栽试验结合人工浇水后自然耗水的方法测定干旱胁迫对梭梭、白刺、沙蒿3种荒漠植物叶片水分、光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响，探讨各指标在干旱胁迫过程中的变化特征、响应机制及其与土壤水分的定量关系，并用隶属函数法对其进行抗旱性排序。结果表明：(1)3种植物叶片相对含水量(RWC)随干旱胁迫天数增加持续降低，最大水分亏缺(RWD)呈波动式上升趋势。(2)3种植物总叶绿素含量(Chl)和叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)含量，以及梭梭、白刺类胡萝卜素含量均随胁迫天数增加而降低；沙蒿类胡萝卜素随土壤含水率降低逐渐升高。(3)梭梭、白刺、沙蒿叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)等主要光合气体交换参数对土壤水分表现出明显的阈值响应，适宜的土壤含水率分别为8.04%～19.33%、4.17%～19.10%、6.48%～17.51%。(4)3种植物 PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)及光化学淬灭系数(qP)均随干旱胁迫天数增加和光照强度增大而降低，非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则呈逐渐上升趋势；干旱胁迫中后期，梭梭、沙蒿的Fv/Fm及Fv′/Fm′均下降，光合机构光合活性遭到破坏，电子传递受阻，PSⅡ反应中心受损，表现出光抑制，而白刺调节自身PSⅡ反应中心免受伤害的能力较强。(5)隶属函数法综合分析表明，3种植物耐旱能力大小依次为白刺>梭梭>沙蒿。研究发现，3种荒漠植物均可通过调节 PSⅡ反应中心开放程度与活性，对干旱胁迫表现出较强的耐性，胁迫后期植物PSⅡ反应中心关闭或不可逆失活，表现出光抑制。

Abstract:

A pot experiment with natural water consumption after artificial watering was conducted to study the effects of drought stress on water, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of three desert species, Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria tangutorum and Artemisia desertorum. The change characteristics and response mechanism of each index in the process of drought stress and its quantitative relationship with soil water were discussed, and their drought resistance was ranked by membership function method. The results showed that: (1) the relative water content (RWC) of three species leaves decreased continuously with the extension of drought stress time, and the water deficit (RWD) showed a fluctuating upward trend. (2) The contents of Chl, Chla, Chlb of the three species and carotenoids in H. ammodendron and N. tangutorum was decreased with the increase of stress days. The carotenoids of Artemisia desertorum increased with the decrease of soil moisture. (3) The Pn, Tr, WUE and other main gas exchange parameters of the three species showed significant threshold response to soil water content. The suitable soil water content thresholds for normal photosynthetic physiological activities were 8.04%-19.33%, 4.17%-19.10% and 6.48%-17.51%, respectively. (4) The Fv/Fm, Fv′/Fm′ and qP of the three species decreased with the increase of drought stress days and light intensity, and NPQ showed a gradual upward trend. Fv/Fm and Fv′/Fm′ of H. ammodendron, A. desertorum decreased, photosynthetic activity was destroyed, and electron transfer was blocked. PSⅡ reaction center was damaged and showed photoinhibition after 30 days and 18-30 days of stress. However, N. tangutorum has stronger ability to regulate its PSⅡ reaction center to avoid injury. (5) The comprehensive analysis of membership function method showed that the drought tolerance of three species was N. tangutorum, H. ammodendron and A. desertorum. The results showed that all the three desert species showed strong tolerance to drought stress by adjusting the opening degree and activity of PSⅡ reaction center. At the late stage of stress, the plants PSⅡ reaction center closed or irreversibly inactivated and showed photoinhibition.

引用本文

王方琳,柴成武,赵鹏,等.3种荒漠植物光合及叶绿素荧光对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价[J].西北植物学报,2021,41(10):1755-1765

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