首页分享深旋耕配施有机肥对盐碱地玉米根际土壤细菌群落结构及其功能的影响

深旋耕配施有机肥对盐碱地玉米根际土壤细菌群落结构及其功能的影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-08-05 05:39

摘要： 采用16SrRNA基因高通量测序技术，分析不同耕作方式（A1传统翻耕、A2深旋耕）和有机肥水平（B1：0kg·hm−2、B2：7500kg·hm−2、B3：15000kg·hm−2、B4：22500kg·hm−2）对玉米根际盐碱土壤细菌群落结构的影响，并对其功能进行预测分析。结果表明：（1）深旋耕和增施有机肥两因素交互效应显著提高了土壤Observed指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数及香浓指数（P<0.05）。（2）玉米根际细菌群落主要由变形菌门（37.4%～54.4%）、酸杆菌门（8.6%～12.9%）、放线菌门（5.2%～13.3%）等31个门及497个属的细菌组成，细菌群落分析表明不同耕作方式间细菌群落结构较为相似，各有机肥施用水平间丰度表现出差异性。（3）相关分析表明，土壤pH值与ACE指数、Observed指数及Chao1指数呈极显著负相关（r=−0.56, P=0.004）；蔗糖酶（IA）活性与ACE指数、Observed指数及Chao1指数呈显著正相关（r=0.52, P=0.01）。冗余分析发现，碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶及pH值是影响玉米农田土壤细菌群落结构的关键环境因子。（4）深旋耕配施有机肥明显提高了碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、其他氨基酸代谢、聚糖生物合成与代谢、辅助因子和维生素的代谢等玉米农田根际土壤细菌信号转导功能基因丰度，以A2B3处理下土壤细菌各功能基因丰度均最高。本研究中，深翻耕和有机肥施用量为15000kg·hm−2处理，对改善玉米农田的细菌多样性和功能最有利。

关键词: 深旋耕, 有机肥, 盐碱地, 细菌群落结构, 玉米

Abstract: The 16 SrRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the effects of different tillage methods (A1 traditional tillage, A2 deep rotary tillage) and organic fertilizer levels (B1: 0kg·ha−1, B2: 7500 kg·ha−1, B3: 15000kg·ha−1, B4: 22500kg·ha−1) on the bacterial community structure of maize rhizosphere saline alkali soil, and predict their functions. The results showed that: (1) the interaction effect of deep rotary tillage and organic fertilizer application significantly increased the observed index, Chao1 index, ACE index and aromatic index(P<0.05). (2)The bacterial community in maize rhizosphere was mainly composed of 31 phyla and 497 genera, including Proteobacteria(37.4%−54.4%), Acidobacteria(8.6%−2.9%), Actinobacteria(5.2%−13.3%). The analysis of bacterial community showed that the bacterial community structure was similar among different tillage methods, and the abundance of bacteria was different among organic fertilizer application levels. (3)The correlation analysis showed that the soil pH value was significantly negatively correlated with ACE index, Observed index and Chao1 index(r=−0.56, P=0.004); The activity of invertase (IA) was positively correlated with ACE index, Observed index and Chao1 index(r=0.52, P=0.01). Redundancy analysis showed that alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and pH value were the key environmental factors affecting the bacterial community structure of corn farmland soil. (4)Deep rotary tillage combined with organic fertilizer significantly increased the gene abundance of bacterial signal transduction function in the rhizosphere soil of maize fields, such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, other amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate biosynthesis and metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism. The functional gene abundance of soil bacteria was the highest under A2B3 treatment. In this study, the treatment of deep tillage and organic fertilizer application rate of 15000kg·ha−1 was the most beneficial ways to improve the bacterial diversity and function of corn farmland.

Key words: Deep rotary tillage, Organic fertilizer, Saline-alkali land, Bacterial community structure, Corn