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刺槐根系和根际土对7种乔灌草植物的化感潜力

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-07-25 13:55

摘要：

刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）抗干旱胁迫能力、生长速率和适应性较强，是黄土丘陵区主要造林树种之一。为探究刺槐根系和根际土对该区常见乔木、灌木和草本植物的化感潜力，以刺槐根系和根际土为实验材料，采用生物测定法，设定根系和根际土浸提液质量浓度为0.5、1.0、3.0、5.0、7.0、10.0 mg∙mL−1，测定不同质量浓度浸提液对冰草（Agropyron cristatum）、侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）、刺槐、胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor）、绣线菊（Spiraea salicifolia）、油松（Pinus tabuliformis）、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，分析其化感作用。结果表明，刺槐根系和根际土对受体植物各指标的化感作用受到质量浓度、受体植物种类和化感物质来源，及两两之间交互作用的显著影响。1）刺槐根系和根际土浸提液促进刺槐和绣线菊的种子萌发，促进作用随浸提液质量浓度增加而加强，对绣线菊的促进作用强于刺槐；根际土对刺槐种子萌发的促进作用强于根系，对绣线菊来说则相反。刺槐根系和根际土浸提液对冰草、侧柏、胡枝子、油松、紫花苜蓿种子萌发的化感作用规律一致，呈现“低促高抑”的效应。2）刺槐根系和根际土浸提液对胡枝子、冰草、侧柏、油松、绣线菊和刺槐幼苗生长的化感作用一致，其中根系和根际土浸提液促进胡枝子幼苗生长，促进作用随浸提液质量浓度的增加先增强后减弱，且根系的促进作用强于根际土；对其他5种受体植物均表现为“低促高抑”的效应。刺槐根系和根际土浸提液对紫花苜蓿幼苗生长的化感作用不一致，根系浸提液抑制紫花苜蓿的幼苗生长，根际土浸提液对其呈现“低促高抑”的效应。该研究可为刺槐林的乔灌草复合搭配提供科学依据。

关键词: 刺槐, 根系, 根际土, 化感潜力, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长, 人工林

Abstract:

Robinia pseudoacacia is one of the main afforestation species in the Loess Hilly region and has a strong ability to resist drought stress, fast growth rate, and strong adaptability. To explore the allelopathic potential of the R. pseudoacacia root system and rhizosphere soil to common arbor, shrub, and grass in this area, using the R. pseudoacacia root system and rhizosphere soil as experimental materials, the mass concentrations of the root system and rhizosphere soil extract were set as 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0 mg∙mL−1, respectively. The effects of different leaching solution mass concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of Agropyron cristatum, Platycladus orientalis, R. pseudoacacia, Lespedeza bicolor, Spiraea salicifolia, Pinus tabuliformis, and Medicago sativa were determined, and their allelopathy was analyzed. The results showed that the allelopathic potential of the root and rhizosphere soil extracts on the target plants was significantly influenced by the mass concentration, plant species, source of allelochemicals, and their interactions. 1) Root and rhizosphere soil extracts promoted seed germination in R. pseudoacacia and S. salicifolia, and the promoting effect increased with increasing mass concentration of the extracts. The promoting effect on S. salicifolia was greater than that on R. pseudoacacia. The effect of rhizosphere soil on seed germination of R. pseudoacacia was stronger than that of the root system, but the opposite was true for S. salicifolia. The allelopathic effects of the root system and rhizosphere soil extracts of R. pseudoacacia on the seed germination of A. cristatum, P. orientalis, L. bicolor, P. tabuliformis, and M. sativa are consistent, showing a “low promoting, high inhibiting” effect. 2) The allelopathic effects of the root system and rhizosphere soil extracts of R. pseudoacacia on the growth of L. bicolor, A. cristatum, P. orientalis, P. tabuliformis, S. salicifolia, and itslef seedlings are consistent. The root system and rhizosphere soil extracts promoted the growth of L. bicolor seedlings, with the promotion effect first increasing and then decreasing with increasing mass concentrations of extracts, and the root system had a stronger promotion effect than the rhizosphere soil. For the other five receptor plants, allelopathic effects were “low in promotion and high in inhibition”. The allelopathic effects of the root system and rhizosphere soil extracts of R. pseudoacacia on the growth of M. sativa seedlings are inconsistent. The root system extract inhibited the growth of M. sativa seedlings, while the rhizosphere soil extract showed “low promotion and high inhibition” effect. This study provides a scientific basis for combining trees, shrubs, and grasses in R. pseudoacacia forests.

Key words: Robinia pseudoacacia, root, rhizosphere soil, allelopathic potential, seed germination, seedling growth, artificial forest

中图分类号:

Q948

X173