坦博拉火山爆发对青藏高原东部不同针叶树径向生长的影响

坦博拉火山爆发对青藏高原东部不同针叶树径向生长的影响

DOI:

作者:

范璞

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室, 北京 100101;中国科学院大学, 北京 100101
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基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0606602);国家自然科学基金项目(41977392);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金项目(Sqj202214);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(IDM2022003)

Impact of the 1815 Mount Tambora eruption on conifer growth in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Author:

FAN Pu

Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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QIN Li

Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research of China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China
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ZHANG Tongwen

Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research of China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China
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ZHANG Yong

Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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摘要:

强火山爆发往往会引发区域甚至全球性的干旱和降温事件,进而影响森林生长变化。选取了国际树轮网中青藏高原东部地区树木年轮宽度数据,总计33个样点(包含5个针叶树种),调查1815年坦博拉火山爆发后青藏高原东部不同针叶树径向生长变化情况。选取1799-1808年期间树木的平均生长状态作为研究火山爆发后树木生长变化的基准,计算在1809-1830年火山爆发后树木轮宽变化率,并通过改进的时序叠加法比较火山爆发前后(1799-1830年)树木轮宽指数变化以及显著程度。结果表明,该次强火山爆发后,青藏高原东北部以及中部树木生长变化较为相似且轮宽变化幅度大,东南部地区轮宽变化相对较小。坦博拉火山爆发引发的1816-1819年青藏高原低温干旱事件,导致树木轮宽变化率于1816年开始减小,但在1822年超过63%的样点树木轮宽达到火山爆发前轮宽值。青藏高原树木在极端气候事件发生后3年大部分可恢复正常生长,可见高原森林对气候变化具有高度敏感性和较强的生态弹性。将为深入了解强火山爆发后森林动态响应情况,包括气候和树木生长变化关系提供一定的参考依据,将有助于我们深入理解极端气候条件下森林动态响应特征及恢复机制。

Abstract:

Severe volcanic eruptions often trigger regional or global droughts and cooling events, which subsequently affect forest growth patterns. This study utilized tree-ring width data from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank for the eastern Tibetan Plateau, encompassing 33 sample sites and five conifer species the investigation focused on climate changes in different regions of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the radial growth changes of various conifer species after the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. To study the interannual radial growth at each sample site, the measurement data were fitted using the ARSTAN program to calculate the mean values. A double-weighted averaging method was used to establish the standard tree ring width chronology (STD) for each sample site. The average growth state of trees from 1799 to 1808 was taken as the baseline to calculate the ring width change rates from 1809 to 1830 after the eruption. Subsequently, a modified superposed epoch analysis (SEA) was employed to compare the changes and significance of tree ring width indices before and after the eruption (1799-1830), analyzing the radial growth differences of different species across various regions. The results indicated that post-eruption, tree growth changes in the northeastern and central parts of the Tibetan Plateau were relatively similar, exhibiting significant variations in ring width, while changes in the southeastern region were comparatively smaller. The study found that the 1816-1819 cold and drought events on the Tibetan Plateau, triggered by the eruption of Mount Tambora, has led to a decrease in tree-ring width starting in 1816. However, over 63% of the sample trees' ring widths had returned to pre-eruption levels by 1822. This indicated that most trees on the Tibetan Plateau can recover normal growth within three years after extreme climate events, demonstrating the high sensitivity and resilience of plateau forests to climate change. This research serves as a pivotal reference for understanding forest dynamics following significant volcanic eruptions, encompassing the relationship between climate change and changes in tree growth. It significantly enhances our comprehension of how forests dynamically respond and recover under extreme climatic conditions.

范璞,田沁花,秦莉,张同文,张永.坦博拉火山爆发对青藏高原东部不同针叶树径向生长的影响.生态学报,2025,45(1):168~181

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