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大豆光周期适应性研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-19 06:04

摘要：

开花是植物由营养阶段向生殖阶段转换的重要节点。大豆是光周期敏感的短日照作物，能够感受光周期的变化调控开花期和生育期，进而影响大豆产量及其他农艺性状，并决定大豆的光周期生态适应性。因此解析大豆光周期对开花期及生育期的调控机制是大豆研究的热点之一。本文介绍了大豆驯化过程中早花早熟的分子机制以及栽培大豆从起源地分别向高纬度和低纬度扩张的分子调控途径，综述了野生大豆光周期适应性的研究进展。分析光周期对大豆生活史和驯化的调控机制，将为优异大豆品种培育提供一定的参考价值。

关键词: 栽培大豆, 野生大豆, 光周期, 驯化, 生态适应性

Abstract:

Flowering represents the transition from vegetative stage to reproductive stage. As a photoperiod- sensitive crop, soybean can perceive changes in photoperiod to regulate flowering and reproductive periods, thereby influencing soybean yield and other agronomic traits, and determining the photoperiodic adaptability. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of photoperiod on flowering and reproductive periods in soybean is one of the hotspots in soybean research. In this review, we introduce the molecular mechanisms of early flowering and early maturation during soybean domestication, and the molecular regulatory pathways of cultivated soybean expansion from the origin to high and low latitudes, respectively. At last, we summarize the research progress on photoperiod adaptability in wild soybean. Analyzing the regulatory mechanisms of photoperiod on soybean life history and domestication will provide valuable insights for the breeding of superior soybean varieties.

Key words: cultivated soybean, wild soybean, photoperiod, domestication, ecological adaptability