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花卉颜色多样性与变异的研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-09-18 18:02

摘要

花的颜色不仅在开花植物之间具有极大的多样性，而且在同一物种的不同种群和/或个体之间也具有极大的多样性(即花色多态性)。在相同或不同的花结构中也有颜色变化。了解花颜色多样性的形成和维持，为揭示花的进化提供了线索。长期以来的观点认为，花的颜色是传粉者的视觉信号，可以促进花粉的传递，提高觅食效率。本文介绍了花在种间和种内水平上的颜色多样性的四个方面，四种不同的研究颜色变化的方法，讨论了三种解释颜色变化的假设。今后结合系统发育分析，结合传粉者、食草动物和环境等多因素的研究，将有助于更好地理解花色的多样性和进化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Research Progress on Diversity and Variation in Flower Color

Flower color is extremely diverse not only among flowering plants, but also in different populations and/or individuals of the same species (i.e. , flower color polymorphism). There is also color variation within the same or different floral structures. Understanding the formation and maintenance of the diversity of flower color provides a cue to unveil the evolution of flowers. A long standing view considers flower color functioning as visual signal for pollinators, which may facilitate pollen transfer and increase foraging efficiency. Here we introduce four aspects of flower color diversity at interspecific and intraspecific levels, four different methodologies of studying color variation, discuss three hypotheses that explain the color variation. Future studies combining phylogenetic analysis and involving multiple factors including pollinators, herbivores and environments will be much helpful for a better understanding the diversity and evolution of flower color.