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高山榕 Ficus altissima

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-04-07 15:09

中文名（Chinese Name）：高山榕
学名（Scientific Name）：Ficus altissima Blume
英文名（English Common Name）：council tree
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鸡榕
异名（Synonym）：Ficus lauifera Roxb. Urostigma altissimum Miq. Urostigma lacciferum Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：桑科（Moraceae）榕属
形态特征（Description）：大乔木，高25-30米，胸径40-90厘米；树皮灰色，平滑；幼枝绿色，粗约10毫米，被微柔毛。叶厚革质，广卵形至广卵状椭圆形，长10-19厘米，宽8-11厘米，先端钝，急尖，基部宽楔形，全缘，两面光滑，无毛，基生侧脉延长，侧脉5-7对；叶柄长2-5厘米，粗壮；托叶厚革质，长2-3厘米，外面被灰色绢丝状毛。榕果成对腋生，椭圆状卵圆形，直径17-28毫米，幼时包藏于早落风帽状苞片内，成熟时红色或带黄色，顶部脐状凸起，基生苞片短宽而钝，脱落后环状；雄花散生榕果内壁，花被片4，膜质，透明，雄蕊一枚，花被片4，花柱近顶生，较长；雌花无柄，花被片与瘿花同数。瘦果表面有瘤状凸体，花柱延长。花期3-4月，果期5-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产海南、广西、云南、四川，生于海拔100-2000 米山地或平原。东南亚等地也有。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 43
Ficus altissima Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 444. 1825.
高山榕 gao shan rong | Moraceae | Ficus
Trees, 25-30 m tall, d.b.h. 40-90 cm. Bark gray, smooth. Branchlets green, ca. 1 cm thick, pubescent. Stipules 2-3 cm, thickly leathery, with gray silky hairs. Petiole robust, 2-5 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate to broadly ovate-elliptic, 10-19 × 8-11 cm, thickly leathery, glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse, acute; basal lateral veins long, secondary veins 5-7 on each side of midvein, reticulate venation clearly defined in dry leaf. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired, red or yellow when mature, ellipsoid-ovoid, 1.7-2.8 cm, sometimes pubescent when very young, glabrous when mature, apical pore navel-like, convex, sessile; involucral bracts hoodlike, covering young fig, caducous, apex broadly obtuse, scar ringlike. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered; calyx lobes 4, transparent, membranous; stamen 1. Gall flowers: sepals 4; style subapical, long. Female flowers: sessile; sepals 4; style elongated. Achenes tuberculate. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jul.
Mountains, plains; 100-2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
高山榕 Ficus altissima