Phenological synchrony affects interaction strength of an exotic weevil with Platte thistle, a native host plant

摘要

Phenological synchrony of a consumer population with its resource populations is expected to affect interaction intensity. We quantified phenological variation and synchrony of populations of an invasive Eurasian flower head weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, that consumes florets, ovules, and seeds of developing flower heads of a native North American thistle, Cirsium canescens, in Sand Hills prairie in Nebraska, USA. Variation in timing of adult activity among weevil populations was larger than variation in timing of flower head development among C. canescens populations, and it drove the observed variation in the phenological synchrony between weevil and host plant populations. Furthermore, the degree of phenological synchrony between populations was significant in explaining variation in weevil egg load on the newly acquired host plant. Because population growth of C. canescens is limited by predispersal seed losses to floral herbivores, variation in the synchrony of herbivore and plant flowering will affect the density of the plant population. These results provide strong quantitative support for the hypothesis that the synchrony of insect activity with plant resources can determine the magnitude of impact of floral herbivores on their host plant populations.展开▼

机译：消费人口与其资源人口的物候同步预计会影响交互强度。我们量化了入侵的欧亚花头象鼻虫Rhinocyllus conicus的物候变化和种群同步，该象鼻消耗了美国内布拉斯加州沙丘草原北美北美蓟（Cirsium canescens）的小花，胚珠和正在发育的头状花序的种子。象鼻虫种群中成虫活动时间的变化大于拐杖梭菌种群中头花发育时间的变化，这驱使观察到的象鼻虫和寄主植物种群的物候同步变化。此外，种群之间的物候同步程度对于解释新获得的寄主植物上象鼻虫卵负荷的变化具有重要意义。由于棒状梭菌的种群增长受到种子前散布到花草食动物的限制，因此草食动物和植物开花同步性的变化会影响植物种群的密度。这些结果为以下假设提供了有力的定量支持：昆虫活动与植物资源的同步性可以确定花卉食草动物对其寄主植物种群的影响程度。展开▼

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