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紫苏草Limnophila aromatica

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-12 16:30

中文名（Chinese Name）：紫苏草
学名（Scientific Name）：Limnophila aromatica Merrill
英文名（English Common Name）：limnophila
别名（Chinese Common Name）：麻省草、双漫草
异名（Synonym）：Ambulia aromatica Lam. Limnophila aromaticoides Yang et Yen Limnophila gratissima Blume Limnophila punctata Blume Limnophila punctata var. subracemosa Benth. Limnophila chinensis subsp. aromatica (Lam.) T. Yamaz. Gratiola aromatica (Lam.) Pers.
科属（Family & Genus）：玄参科（Scrophulariaceae）石龙尾属
形态特征（Description）：一年生或多年生草本，茎简单至多分枝，高30-70厘米，无毛或被腺，基部倾卧而节上生根。叶无柄，对生或三枚轮生，卵状披针形至披针状椭圆形，或披针形，长10-50毫米，宽3-15毫米，具细齿，基部多少抱茎，具羽状脉。花具梗，排列成顶生或腋生的总状花序，或单生叶腋；花梗长5-20毫米，无毛或被腺；小苞片条形至条状披针形，长1.5-2毫米；萼长4-6毫米，无毛至被腺，在果实成熟时具凸起的条纹；花冠白色，蓝紫色或粉红色，长10-13毫米，外面疏被细腺，内面被白色柔毛；花柱顶端扩大，具2枚极短的片状柱头。蒴果卵珠形，长约6毫米。花果期3-9月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于广东、福建、台湾、江西等省，生于旷野、塘边水湿处。日本，南亚，东南亚及澳大利亚也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 18 Page 27
Limnophila aromatica (Lamarck) Merrill, Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 466. 1917.
紫苏草 zi su cao| Scrophulariaceae | Limnophila
Ambulia aromatica Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 128. 1783; Limnophila aromaticoides Yang & Yen; L. chinensis subsp. aromatica (Lamarck) T. Yamazaki; L. gratissima Blume; L. punctata Blume; L. punctata var. subracemosa Bentham.
Annuals or perennials. Stems 30-70 cm, simple to much branched, glabrous or glandular, base decumbent and rooting from nodes. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, sessile, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic, 1-5 X 0.3-1.5 cm, base semiamplexicaul, margin crenate and serrate; veins pinnate. Flowers solitary in leaf axils or in terminal or axillary racemes. Pedicel 0.5-2 cm, glabrous or glandular. Bracteoles linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. Calyx 4-6 mm, glabrous or glandular pubescent, with raised veins in fruit. Corolla white, blue-purple, or pink, 1-1.3 cm, sparsely and finely glandular, inside white villous. Style apex dilated; stigma short, 2-lamellate. Capsule ovoid, ca. 6 mm. Fl. and fr. Mar-Sep.
Around reservoirs and other moist places; low elevations. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan [Bhutan, India (Darjeeling), Indonesia (Java), Japan, Korea, Laos, Philippines, Vietnam; Australia].
The characters used by Yang & Yen (Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica 38: 285-295. 1997) to distinguish Limnophila aromaticoides from L. aromatica clearly fall within the variation range of the latter.
紫苏草Limnophila aromatica