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小苍兰花瓣主要花色苷组分研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-22 01:01

摘要： 以6个小苍兰（Freesia hybrida）园艺品种为研究材料，采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡进行花色描述，利用特征颜色反应确定其色素类型，进而通过UPLC-PAD结合UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术分析各品种中的花色苷种类及含量。结果表明，6个小苍兰品种可分为白色系、橙—黄色系以及紫—紫红—蓝紫系三大色系。小苍兰6个品种花瓣中均含有黄酮类色素，不含或含极低量类胡萝卜素，除‘上农乳香’以外，其余品种花瓣中均含有花色苷。花瓣中花色苷含量依小苍兰品种不同而各异，5个含花色苷的品种中，‘上农紫玫瑰’花瓣中花色苷含量最高，‘上农橙红’次之。在小苍兰花瓣中，共检测到6种花色苷物质，通过与已有文献比对分析，推定其成分为：飞燕草3,5-二葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛素3,5-二葡萄糖苷、飞燕草3-葡萄糖苷、锦葵素3,5-二葡萄糖苷、牵牛花素3-葡萄糖苷和锦葵素3-葡萄糖苷。‘上农紫雪青’和‘上农宫粉’花瓣中含有3种花色苷，且均含锦葵素类和矮牵牛素类，其中‘上农紫雪青’花瓣中主要成分是锦葵素单糖苷和双糖苷；而‘上农宫粉’花瓣中则均为双糖花色苷，主要成分是矮牵牛素3,5-二葡萄糖苷、锦葵素3,5-二葡萄糖苷和飞燕草3,5-二葡萄糖苷；‘上农紫玫瑰’花瓣中含矮牵牛素3-葡萄糖苷和飞燕草3-葡萄糖苷；而‘上农金皇后’和‘上农橙红’花瓣中仅含一种组分，分别为飞燕草3,5-二葡萄糖苷和锦葵素3,5-二葡萄糖苷。

关键词: 香雪兰, 花色, 花色苷, 液质联用

Abstract: We analyzed the anthocyanin profiles in 6 cultivars of freesia(Freesia hybrida). The petal color was observed according to the Royal Horticultural Society Color Card(RHSCC). Petal pigment type was identified by characteristic color reaction. UPLC-PAD and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins. The flavonoids in petals of all cultivars were detected, while carotenoids were not detected; meanwhile, every cultivar, except for ‘Shangnong Ruxiang’, contained anthocyanins in petals. Among five anthocyanincontained cultivars, the highest anthocyanin content was observed in ‘Shangnong Purple Rose’, followed by ‘Shangnong Chenghong’. Totally 6 anthocyanin components were detected in petals of these cultivars, including Delphinidin 3,5-O-glucoside, Petunidin 3,5-O-glucoside, Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, Malvidin 3,5-O-glucoside, Petunidin 3-O-glucoside and Malvidin 3-O-glucoside. Three anthocyanin components were detected in petals of ‘Shangnong Zixueqing’ and ‘Shangnong Gongfen’, of which were majorly malvidin and petunidin derivated anthocyanins. Malvidin-anthocyaninswith single or double glucosides was present in petals of ‘Shangnong Zixueqing’, while all anthocyanins in petals of ‘Shangnong Gongfen’ bonded with double glucosides, such as Delphinidin 3,5-O-glucoside, Petunidin 3,5-O-glucoside and Malvidin 3,5-O-glucoside, major Petunidin 3-O-glucoside and minor Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside in petals of ‘Shangnong Purple Rose’. While only one anthocyanin component was detected in petals of ‘Shangnong Golden Queen’ and ‘Shangnong Chenghong’, which was Delphinidin 3,5-O-glucoside and Malvidin 3,5-O-glucoside, respectively.

Key words: freesia, flower color, anthocyanin, UPLC-MS