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小蓬草Conyza canadensis (Linn.) Cronq.

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-09 11:49

别名：牛尾巴蒿;小飞廉;蒿子;小飞逢;小白酒草;飞蓬;毛毛蒿;百灵草;臭艾;凤头花;驴尾巴蒿;加拿大蓬;鱼胆草;蓬花草;祁州一枝蒿;羊尾巴;小山艾;竹叶艾;小飞蓬;小白酒花;七天风;破布艾;小蒸草;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：白酒草属 Conyza

《中国植物志》第74卷348页
  8. 小蓬草加拿大蓬飞蓬小飞蓬
  Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 70: 632. 1943.——Erigeron canadensis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 863. 1753; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 418. 1888; Ling in Contrib. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2: 473. 1934; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1094. 1936.
  一年生草本，根纺锤状，具纤维状根。茎直立，高50-100厘米或更高，圆柱状，多少具棱，有条纹，被疏长硬毛，上部多分枝。叶密集，基部叶花期常枯萎，下部叶倒披针形，长6-10厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，顶端尖或渐尖，基部渐狭成柄，边缘具疏锯齿或全缘，中部和上部叶较小，线状披针形或线形，近无柄或无柄，全缘或少有具1-2个齿，两面或仅上面被疏短毛边缘常被上弯的硬缘毛。头状花序多数，小，径3-4毫米，排列成顶生多分枝的大圆锥花序；花序梗细，长5-10毫米，总苞近圆柱状，长2.5-4毫米；总苞片2-3层，淡绿色，线状披针形或线形，顶端渐尖，外层约短于内层之半背面被疏毛，内层长3-3.5毫米，宽约0.3毫米，边缘干膜质，无毛；花托平，径2-2.5毫米，具不明显的突起；雌花多数，舌状，白色，长2.5-3.5毫米，舌片小，稍超出花盘，线形，顶端具2个钝小齿；两性花淡黄色，花冠管状，长2.5-3毫米，上端具4或5个齿裂，管部上部被疏微毛；瘦果线状披针形，长1.2-1.5毫米稍扁压，被贴微毛；冠毛污白色，1层，糙毛状，长2.5-3毫米。花期5-9月。

我国南北各省区均有分布。原产北美洲，现在各地广泛分布。常生长于旷野、荒地、田边和路旁，为一种常见的杂草。
嫩茎、叶可作猪饲料；全草入药消炎止血、祛风湿，治血尿、水肿、肝炎、胆囊炎、小儿头疮等症。据国外文献记载，北美洲用作治痢疾、腹泻、创伤以及驱蠕虫；中部欧洲，常用新鲜的植株作止血药，但其液汁和捣碎的叶有刺激皮肤的作用。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Erigeron canadensis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 863. 1753.
小蓬草 xiao peng cao
Conyza canadensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist; Conyzella canadensis (Linnaeus) Ruprecht; Leptilon canadense (Linnaeus) Britton; Marsea canadensis (Linnaeus) V. M. Badillo.
Herbs, annual, 50-100 cm tall or more; root fusiform, fibrous rooted. Stems erect, sparsely hirsute, branched above, densely leafy. Leaves: basal withered at anthesis, lower petiolate, oblanceolate, [2-]6-10 × [0.4-]1-1.5 cm, surfaces or only adaxial sparsely pilose, base attenuate, margin sparsely serrate or entire, apex acute or acuminate; mid and upper subsessile or sessile, blade linear-lanceolate or linear, smaller, margin entire or rarely 1- or 2-toothed. Capitula 3-4 mm in diam., numerous, in terminal, large paniculiform synflorescences; peduncles slender, 5-10 mm. Involucre subcylindric, 2.5-4 mm; phyllaries 2- or 3-seriate, greenish, abaxially sparsely strigose [or glabrous], linear-lanceolate or linear, acuminate, outer ca. 1/2 as long as inner, inner 3-3.5 × ca. 0.3 mm, margin scarious, glabrous. Ray florets 20-30(-45), white, 2.5-3.5 mm, lamina slightly longer than disk floret, apex 2-denticulate; disk florets 8-30, yellowish, 2.5-3 mm, tube sparsely puberulent, lobes 4 or 5. Achenes linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 1-1.5 mm, sparsely strigillose. Pappus 1-seriate, dirty white, bristles 15-25, 2.5-3 mm. Fl. May-Sep.

Common weed of open places, field margins, roadsides, dry streamsides; sea level to 3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to North America].