首页分享印度榕Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.

印度榕Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-07 02:11

印度榕Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.

别名：缅树;印度橡树;印度橡胶树;印度橡胶榕;印度胶榕;印度护谟;橡树;印度橡皮树;印度胶树;缅榕;象鼻树;象牙红;印度橡胶;橡皮树;橡胶榕;Indian rubberplant;

科名：桑科 Moraceae

属名：榕属 Ficus

《中国植物志》第23(1)卷103页
  11.印度榕（日名，海南植物志）橡皮树（通称）印度胶树（中国高等植物图鉴）图版25：7-8
  Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. Hort. Beng. 65. 1814, nom. nud. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3: 543. 1833, descr.; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 1: 45, t. 54. 1888; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 777. 1928; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学238. 1937; Corner in Gard. Bull. Sing. 21: 24. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 484, f. 968. 1972; 补编1: 151. 1982; T. Yamazaki in Journ. Phytogeogr. and Taxon. 31 (1): 5. 1983; Griers. et Long, Fl. Bhudan 1 (1): 94. 1983; 云南种子植物名录, 上册: 701. 1984; 湖北植物大全: 267. 1992; H. Koba et al., Nam. List Fl. Pl. Gymnosp. Nepal 210. 1994; Nguyen T. Hiep in Tap chi SIKH HOC 16 (4): 58. 1994. ——Urostigma elasticum Miq. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 578. 1947.
  乔木，高达20-30米，胸径25-40厘米；树皮灰白色，平滑；幼小时附生，小枝粗壮。叶厚革质，长圆形至椭圆形，长8-30厘米，宽7-10厘米，先端急尖，基部宽楔形，全缘，表面深绿色，光亮，背面浅绿色，侧脉多，不明显，平行展出；叶柄粗壮，长2-5厘米；托叶膜质，深红色，长达10厘米，脱落后有明显环状疤痕。榕果成对生于已落叶枝的叶腋，卵状长椭圆形，长10毫米，直径5-8毫米，黄绿色，基生苞片风帽状，脱落后基部有一环状痕迹；雄花、瘿花、雌花同生于榕果内壁；雄花具柄，散生于内壁，花被片4，卵形，雄蕊1枚，花药卵圆形，不具花丝；瘿花花被片4，子房光滑，卵圆形，花柱近顶生，弯曲；雌花无柄。瘦果卵圆形，表面有小瘤体，花柱长，宿存，柱头膨大，近头状。花期冬季。
  原产不丹、锡金、尼泊尔、印度东北部（阿萨姆）、缅甸、马来西亚（北部）、印度尼西亚（苏门答腊、爪哇）。我国云南（瑞丽、盈江、莲山、陇川）在800-1500米处有野生。
  世界各地（包括我国北方）常栽于温室或在室内，盆栽作观赏，并有金边叶栽培变种cv. aureo-marginata Hort.
  本种胶乳属于硬橡胶类。在我国云南腾冲一带至缅甸北部各热带河谷中，曾设场采用，自马来西亚引种巴西三叶橡胶树后废弃。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Ficus elastica Roxburgh
印度榕 yin du rong
Ficus cordata Kunth & Boucharlet; F. skytinodermis Summerhayes; F. taeda Kunth & Boucharlet; Urostigma circumscissum Miquel; U. elasticum (Roxburgh) Miquel; U. karet Miquel; U. odoratum Miquel.
Trees, 20-30 m tall, d.b.h. 25-40 cm, epiphytic when young. Bark pale gray, smooth. Branchlets strong. Stipules dark red, ca. 10 cm, membranous; scar conspicuous. Petiole robust, 2-5 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 8-30 × 7-10 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green and shiny, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins many, closely parallel, inconspicuous. Figs axillary on leafless branchlets, paired, yellowish green, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 5-8 mm, subsessile; involucral bracts hoodlike, caducous, scar conspicuous. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered among other flowers, pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, ovate; stamen 1; filament absent; anther ovoid-ellipsoid. Gall flowers: sepals 4; ovary ovoid, smooth; style subapical, curved. Female flowers: sessile; style persistent, long; stigma enlarged, ± capitate. Achenes ovoid, tuberculate. Fl. winter.
800-1500 m. W Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
This species is cultivated as a house plant around the world. In China it was also formerly a source of rubber.