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免疫抑制剂的种类以及可以治疗红的狼疮的免疫抑制剂

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-30 20:44

Immunosuppressive Medications

Azathioprine (Imuran)
Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept)
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune, Gengraf)
Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
Leflunomide (Arava)
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Chlorambucil (Leukeran)
Nitrogen mustard (Mustargen)

免疫抑制剂有如下几种：
硫唑嘌呤
骁悉
环孢霉素
甲氨蝶呤
来氟米特
环磷酰胺
苯丁酸氮芥
氮芥

What are immunosuppressive medications?

Immunosuppressives are medications that help suppress the immune system. Many were originally used in patients who received organ transplants to help prevent their bodies from rejecting the transplanted organ. However, these drugs are now also used for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. In people with lupus, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. Most immunosuppressives work to downregulate (suppress) this attack by interfering with the synthesis of DNA, the material in your cells that contains the blueprints for all of your genetic information. In doing this, these medications prevent the cells of your immune system from dividing. When cells cannot divide correctly, they will eventually die. The immunosuppressives prescribed most commonly for the treatment of lupus are azathioprine (Imuran), mycophenolate (Cellcept), and cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune, Gengraf).

Immunosuppressive medications are used to control more serious lupus activity that affects major organs, including the kidney, brain, cardiovascular system, and lungs. Before prescribing an immunosuppressive medication, your doctor may perform a biopsy of the kidney or affected organ system to evaluate the most effective course of treatment. Sometimes immunosuppressive medications are given in addition to or instead of steroid therapy to lower the dose of steroids needed and thus spare some of the undesirable side effects of steroid therapy. For this reason, these drugs are sometimes called “steroid-sparing” medications or “adjuvant” (helping) drugs. Steroid-sparing drugs usually have a two-fold benefit, since they often reduce or eliminate the need for steroids while also improving lupus symptoms.

Because immunosuppressive drugs put down the immune system, people taking them are at an increased risk for infection. Try to stay away from people who have colds or other illnesses, and make sure to wash your hands regularly and maintain good personal hygiene. If you are also taking steroid medications, you may not realize that you are ill because the steroid may suppress your fever symptoms. Contact your doctor immediately at the first sign of any infection or illness.

In addition, immunosuppressive medications are known to increase the risk of cancer development later in life. However, lupus itself is also known to increase the risk of cancer, so by controlling your lupus now and preventing it from doing further damage to your body, immunosuppressive therapy may actually decrease your risk of developing cancer. Either way, it is very important to control your lupus activity now to prevent other potentially life-threatening complications.

免疫抑制药物是什么?

Immunosuppressives免疫抑制药物可以帮助抑制免疫系统。最初是用于接受器官移植的患者,以防止他们的身体排斥移植的器官。然而,这些药物也用于治疗某些自身免疫性疾病,如红斑狼疮和类风湿性关节炎。红斑狼疮患者的免疫系统会错误地攻击人体自身的组织。大多数免疫抑制剂通过干扰DNA的合成(抑制)这种攻击,这种DNA就是细胞中的物质包包含你所有的遗传信息的蓝图。在这个过程中,这些药物阻止你的免疫系统的细胞分裂。当正确的细胞不能分裂,他们最终会死亡。

上述的免疫抑制剂最常见的用于治疗红斑狼疮的是唑硫嘌呤(硫唑嘌呤),霉酚酸(骁悉)和环孢霉素。免疫抑制药物用于控制更严重的红斑狼疮活动,主要器官受累及的红斑狼疮,包括肾、脑、心血管系统和肺部。

决定用免疫抑制药物治疗之前,你的医生可能会进行肾活检或受影响的器官系统评估来确定最有效的疗程。有时服用免疫抑制药物除了巩固治疗也是用来代替类固醇治疗以降低所需的类固醇剂量从而减少多余的类固醇治疗的一些不良的副作用。由于这个原因,这些药物有时被称作“steroid-sparing”药物或药物“佐剂”(帮助)。Steroid-sparing药物通常有一个双重的好处,因为他们经常减少或消除类固醇的必要性,同时改善红斑狼疮的症状。因为免疫抑制药物作用于免疫系统,所以感染的风险增加。要试着远离感冒或其他疾病的人,一定要经常洗手和保持良好的个人卫生。如果你也服用类固醇药物,你可能没有意识到你生病了，因为类固醇可能会抑制你的发烧症状。如果发现任何感染立即联系你的医生。此外,免疫抑制药物会增加患癌症的风险在以后的生活中。然而,狼疮本身也会增加患癌症的风险,因此通过控制你的红斑狼疮和防止进一步损害你的身体,做免疫抑制治疗可能会减少你患癌症的风险。不管怎样,现在控制狼疮活动是很重要的,以防止其他潜在威胁生命的并发症。