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月季花瓣数量遗传分析

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-26 00:03

摘要: 以‘窄叶藤本月季花’（Rosa chinensis ‘Zhaiye Tengben Yuejihua’）×‘月月粉’（R.chinensis ‘Old Blush’）杂交群体为材料，分析其花瓣数量的分离特点，对单瓣花与重瓣花的花芽分化过程进行观察，并对花瓣、雄蕊及瓣化雄蕊进行表皮细胞超微结构的观察。结果显示：杂交群体的花瓣数量分离明显，出现从5~54片的连续变异；花瓣数量、瓣化雄蕊数量、雌蕊数量的遗传模型为2MG-AD（2对加性-显性-上位性主基因控制），雄蕊数量的遗传模型为0MG（无主基因控制）；月季重瓣花形成的原因为雄蕊瓣化，重瓣花形成的关键时期为雄蕊原基形成后期，可见到雄蕊瓣化为花瓣的现象；月季瓣化雄蕊的表皮细胞形态、褶皱程度介于单瓣花花瓣和重瓣花外轮花瓣之间。

关键词: 月季 / 重瓣性 / 雄蕊瓣化 / 遗传规律 / 形态解剖

Abstract: The hybrid offspring of Rosa chinensis ‘Zhaiye Tengben Yuejihua’×R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’ were used as materials to elucidate the genetic basis of double-petaled flowers in roses. The segregation characteristics of petal number were analyzed. The anatomical observation of flower bud differentiation process of single flower and double flower were performed and the ultrastructure of epidermal cells in petal, stamen and petalized stamen of single flower and double flower were observed. Results showed that the number of petals in the hybrid population was significantly separated and ranged from five to 54. The genetic model of the number of petals, petalized stamens, and pistils was 2MG-AD (two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major gene control) and the genetic model of stamen number was 0MG (no major gene control). Double flowers in roses originated as stamens converting into petals. The key period of double flower formation was the late stage of stamen primordium when the stamens changed into petals. Epidermal cell morphology and fold degree of petalized stamens were between the petals of single flowers and the outer-wheel petals of double flowers.

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