华凤仙花部特征和传粉系统研究

摘要： 研究了华凤仙（Impatiens chinensis L.）的花部特征和传粉系统，结果表明华凤仙单花期为2.3 d，雄性期是雌性期的6.8倍。花蜜量和花蜜可溶性糖含量分别为0.56 μL和28.2%。开花当天柱头即具有可授性，花粉活力在花朵刚开放时最高（95%），至花朵凋谢之前仍保持较高的活力（55%）。花粉胚珠比（5 730.3±2 941.1）和套袋实验的结果表明华凤仙属于自交亲和但以异交为主的繁育系统，传粉过程需要传粉者。蜜蜂、熊蜂、蝶类和几种芦蜂是华凤仙的主要访花者，最有效的传粉者为三条熊蜂。考氏无垫蜂作为盗蜜者，可能是除正常访花者之外，对华凤仙的有性繁殖影响最大的生物因素。

关键词: 华凤仙, 花部特征, 传粉系统, 三条熊蜂, 考氏无垫蜂

Abstract: The floral traits and pollination system of Impatiens chinensis were studied. Individual flowers bloom for 2.3 days and the male phase was 6.8 times as long as female phase. The nectar quantity and sugar concentration is 0.56 μL and 28.2%, respectively. Stigma is receptive on the day of anthesis. Pollen viability is highest on the moment of corolla displaying（95%）, thereafter decreases gradually and maintains a considerable level until the flower drops（55%）. The results of P/O detection (5 730.3±2 941.1) and bagging treatments suggest that I. chinensis is self-compatible with facultative xenogamy breeding system, its outcross-pollination require pollinators. I. chinensis is mainly visited by honey-bees, butterflies, bumble-bees and several species in ceratina(Apidae). Bombus trifasciatus is the dominant pollinator. The nectar robber Amegilla caldwelli may be the most important biological factor which influences the sexual reproduction of I. chinensis except for the legitimate visitors.

Key words: Impatiens chinensis, floral traits, pollination system, Bombus trifasciatus, Amegilla caldwelli

中图分类号: 

Q944.43

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