《兰花人工授粉与无菌播种》.pdf

ORIGINALPAPERAclassroomexerciseinhandpollinationandinvitroasymbioticorchidseedgerminationPhilipJ.KauthÆTimothyR.JohnsonÆScottL.StewartÆMichaelE.KaneReceived:20December2007/Accepted:7March2008/Publishedonline:26March2008ÓSpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2008AbstractWhilemanyscienticreportsonorchidseedgerminationprovidegerminationprotocols,fewprovideconcisedescriptionsofplantselection,handpollination,andasymbioticseedcultureforuseinclassroomexercises.Anothermajorlimitationforconductingorchidseedgerminationexercisesistheavailabilityofseedsorowerstopollinate.Inthispaper,weoutlineanefcientandreliableclassroomexerciseusingtheorchidSpathoglottistodemon-stratehandpollinationandsubsequentasymbioticseedgermination.FlowersofS.parsoniiarehandpollinatedandsubsequentseedcapsuledevelopmentiscarefullymonitored.Handpollinationoftheorchidowerprovidesanopportunitytodiscussoralmorphologyandassociatedreproductivebiology.Capsulesareharvested30to40daysafterpollina-tion,priortocapsuledehiscence.Spathoglottiskimballianaseedcapsulesaresurfacesterilized,seedsexcised,andthensownonP723OrchidSeedSowingMedium.Germinationoccursquicklyandlargeseedlingsreadyforgreenhouseacclimatizationdevelopwithin4–6months.KeywordsClassroomlaboratoryÁTeachingexerciseÁOrchidpollinationÁOrchidseedcultureIntroductionTherisingpopularityoforchidshascreatedademandforhighqualityplantsaswellasindustryworkerstrainedinorchidhybridizationandinvitroasymbioticseedgerminationtechniques.Asymbiotictechniquesinvolvegerminatingorchidseedsinvitroonadenedmediumcontainingcarbohydrates,vitamins,minerals,andasolidifyingagent.Sinceorchidseedgerminationrequirestrainingandpractice,highschoolandcollegeinstructorshaveexpressedinterestinlearningthesetechniquestoincorporatethemintoscienceclasscurricula.Inaddition,instructorsandstudentscanusethesemethodstostudytheuniquebiologyoforchidowersandseeds.Manypublicationsonasymbioticgerminationdescribeefcientmethods;however,thesemethodol-ogiesarelimitedasteachingtoolsbecausecleardescriptionsofhandpollinationmethodsforgenerat-ingseedcapsulesareoftenabsent.Loetal.(2004)providedaprotocolforpollinatingorchidowersandsubsequentseedgermination,butthepollinationproceduresarenotdescriptiveenoughforteachingmethods.MudgeandChu(1992)providedaclass-roomexercisefororchidseedgermination,buthandpollinationtechniquesarenotprovided.Handpolli-nationiscriticaltoinstructorssinceareliableseed

P.J.Kauth(&)ÁT.R.JohnsonÁM.E.KaneDepartmentofEnvironmentalHorticulture,UniversityofFlorida,P.O.Box110675,Gainesville,FL32611,USAe-mail:pkauth@u.eduS.L.StewartPhytoTechnologyLaboratories,14335West97thTerrace,Lenexa,KS66215,USA13PlantCellTissOrganCult(2008)93:223–230DOI10.1007/s11240-008-9365-1

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