首页分享肥皂草Saponaria officinalis Linn .

肥皂草Saponaria officinalis Linn .

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-24 19:32

肥皂草Saponaria officinalis Linn .

别名：石碱草;石碱花;石硷草;香桂;香桃;草桂;bouncingbet;

科名：石竹科 Caryophyllaceae

属名：肥皂草属 Saponaria

《中国植物志》第26卷429页
  1. 肥皂草（中国植物图鉴）图版105: 6-10
  Saponaria officinaiis L., Sp. Pl. 408. 1753; Ser. in DC. Prodr. 1: 365. 1824; Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 1: 300. 18; Boiss. , Fl. Orient. 1: 524. 1867; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel-Europ. 3: 344. taf. 103. fig. 4. u. fig. 597a-e. 1912; Pax et Hoffm. in Engler u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2. Aufl. 16c: 362. 1934; Gorschk. in Kom. Fl. USSR 6: 863. 1936; Байтенов и Попов вПопов, Φπ. Каэахст. 3: 432. табπ. 44. рис. 3. 1960; 东北草本植物志3: 63.图版25.图5-7. 1975.——Lychnis officinalis Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 303. 1772. ——Silene saponaria Fries in Lindbl. Bot. Notis no. 10, 168. 1842.
  多年生草本，高30-70厘米。主根肥厚，肉质；根茎细、多分枝。茎直立，不分枝或上部分枝，常无毛。叶片椭圆形或椭圆状披针形，长5-10厘米，宽2-4厘米，基部渐狭成短柄状，微合生，半抱茎，顶端急尖，边缘粗糙，两面均无毛，具3或5基出脉。聚伞圆锥花序，小聚伞花序有3-7花；苞片披针形，长渐尖，边缘和中脉被稀疏短粗毛；花梗长3-8毫米，被稀疏短毛；花萼筒状，长18-20毫米，直径2.5-3.5毫米，绿色，有时暗紫色，初期被毛，纵脉20条，不明显，萼齿宽卵形，具凸尖；雌雄蕊柄长约1毫米；花瓣白色或淡红色，爪狭长，无毛，瓣片楔状倒卵形，长10-15毫米，顶端微凹缺；副花冠片线形；雄蕊和花柱外露。蒴果长圆状卵形，长约15毫米；种子圆肾形，长1.8-2毫米，黑褐色，具小瘤。2n=28。花期6-9月。
  地中海沿岸均有野生。我国城市公园栽培供观赏，在大连、青岛等城市常逸为野生。模式标本采自欧洲。
  根入药，有祛痰、治气管炎、利尿作用。同时因含皂甙，可用于洗涤器物。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 6 (2001)
Saponaria officinalis Linnaeus
肥皂草 fei zao cao
Lychnis officinalis (Linnaeus) Scopoli; Silene saponaria Fries ex Willkomm & Lange.
Herbs perennial, 30--70 cm tall. Axial root stout, fleshy, rhizome thin, many branched. Stem simple or branched above, usually glabrous. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5--10 × 2--4 cm, 3- or 5-veined, base attenuate, slightly connate, semiclasping, apex acute. Inflorescence a thyrse, cymules 3--7-flowered; bracts lanceolate, margin and midvein sparsely hirtellous, apex long acuminate. Pedicel 3--8 mm, sparsely and shortly pubes-cent. Flowers large. Calyx green, sometimes dark purple, tubular, 1.8--2 cm × 2.5--3.5 mm, obscurely 20-veined; calyx teeth broadly ovate, apex acute. Petal limb white or pink, cuneate-obovate, 1--1.5 cm, apex emarginate; coronal scales linear. Gynophore ca. 1 mm. Stamens and styles exserted. Capsule cylindric-ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm. Seeds black-brown, globose-reniform, slightly compressed, 1.8--2 mm, tuberculate. Fl. Jun--Sep. 2n = 30.

Cultivated as an ornamental in parks, usually escaping. NE China [native to W Asia and Europe].
This species is used medicinally and as a soap.