首页分享主要植物园花卉观赏植物的免疫状况(病毒和真菌病原体)

主要植物园花卉观赏植物的免疫状况(病毒和真菌病原体)

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-24 17:42

摘要

本文介绍了几种观赏作物对病毒和真菌病原体抗性的研究结果。对象为夹竹桃(Phlox L.)、芍药(Paeonia L.)、大丽花(dallia L.);白粉病(Erysiphe cichoracearum d.c.f. phlogis Jacz.)、枝孢子虫病(Cladosporium paeoniae Pass.)和锈病(Cronartium fl acurum (Alb.))的病原体。et等)。在这些培养物的基因库中占优势的病毒。研究结果表明，在植物品种和基因型水平上，与病原体相互作用的性质是不同的。夹竹桃品种已被分离。具有中等和高水平的抗性，在严重感染背景的条件下，具有“亮眼”和“卡尔·弗斯特”两个免疫品种。然而，在过去的5年里，并不是所有的品种都保留了这种特性。2个品种的抗性水平下降，4个品种失去了这种特性，3个品种增强了这种特性。鉴定出对优势病毒复合体(黄瓜花叶瓜病毒(CMV)、烟草花叶托莫病毒(TMV)、苜蓿花叶阿尔法病毒(AMV)、阿拉伯花叶新病毒(ArMV))具有较高抗性的5个品种，并根据对单个病原菌的抗性指数对38个品种进行了排序。在大丽花品种中未发现抗病毒品种。已知的五种病毒中有两种在芍药的基因库中被鉴定出来，65%的品种对这种病毒具有抗性。大部分品种的芍药对病原菌枝孢菌(Cladosporium paononiae Pass)的抗性表达较弱。没有发现具有高抗性的品种。仅有10个品种对克罗纳artium flacacum (Alb)敏感。et等)。温特。在基因库中登记了中抗16株，高抗30株。从绿化植物保护的角度出发，强调寻找有害生物的抗性来源和培育抗病品种是最安全的方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Immune status of flower-ornamental plants in the collections of the Main Botanical Garden (Viral and Fungal Pathogens)

The article presents the results of studies to assess the resistance of a number of ornamental crops to viral and fungal pathogens. The objects were collections of Phlox L., Paeonia L., Dahlia L.; pathogens of powdery mildew phlox (Erysiphe cichoracearum D. C. f. phlogis Jacz.), cladosporiosis (Cladosporium paeoniae Pass.) and rust (Cronartium fl accidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint.) peony, dominant viruses in the gene pool of these cultures. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the nature of interaction with pathogens at the level of plant varieties and genotypes is realized differentially. Phlox L. varieties have been isolated. with a medium and high level of resistance, and two immune varieties ‘Bright Eyes’ and ‘Karl Furst’ in conditions of a severe infectious background to Erysiphe cichoracearum D. C. f. phlogis Jacz., however, not all varieties have retained this property over the past 5 years. Two varieties have a decrease in the level of resistance, four varieties have lost this property, and three varieties have increased this property. Fife varieties with a high level of resistance to the complex of dominant viruses (Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV), Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), Arabis mosaic nepovirus (ArMV)) were identifi ed and 38 varieties were ranked according to the index of resistance to individual pathogens. In the Dahlia L. collection no virus-resistant varieties were found. Two out of five known viruses have been identifi ed within the Paeonia L. gene pool, to which 65% of varieties are resistant. Most varieties of Paeonia L. had weakly expressed resistance to the causative agent of Cladosporium paeoniae Pass. No varieties with a high level of resistance have been identified. Only 10 varieties susceptible to Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint. were registered in the gene pool, 16 – medium-resistant and 30 – highly resistant. The article emphasizes the importance of finding sources of resistance and cultivating resistant varieties to harmful organisms as the safest method from the point of view of greening plant protection.