微生物菌剂与氮肥配施对紫花苜蓿生长及土壤性质的影响

摘要： 为获得河西地区紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）人工草地上的最佳施肥组合。以‘惊盛’紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料，研究微生物菌剂与氮肥减量配施对紫花苜蓿植株生长、营养品质及土壤理化性质的影响，结果表明：与全量氮肥（CK）相比，微生物菌剂与氮肥减量处理的紫花苜蓿株高、干草产量无显著差异；与CK相比，C8，G8，C7和G7处理的紫花苜蓿粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量无显著差异，其中G7处理的紫花苜蓿粗蛋白含量最高；微生物菌剂与氮肥减量处理增加了土壤铵态氮含量（P<0.05），而土壤有机质、速效磷、含水率和pH值差异不显著；与CK相比，G7处理显著增加了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性（P<0.05）。通过对不同施肥处理的紫花苜蓿生长、营养和土壤指标的综合分析，综合表现最好的为G7（根瘤菌剂与氮肥减量30%），有利于减少河西地区氮肥用量，为河西地区紫花苜蓿的科学施肥提供依据。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 微生物菌剂, 氮肥减量配施, 营养品质, 土壤理化

Abstract: To find the optimal fertilizer combination for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grasslands in the Hexi region, the ‘Jing sheng’ alfalfa variety was used as the experimental material to investigate the effects of microbial inoculants and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on alfalfa plant growth, nutritional quality, and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that compared with the full nitrogen fertilizer (CK), the alfalfa plant height and hay yield under the microbial inoculant and nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment were not significantly different. Compared with CK, the crude protein, crude fat, neutral and acid detergent fiber content of alfalfa treated with C8, G8, C7, and G7 showed no significant difference, among which the crude protein content of alfalfa treated with G7 was the highest. The microbial inoculant and nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment increased the soil ammonium nitrogen content (P<0.05), while the differences in soil organic matter, available phosphorus, moisture content, and pH were not significant. Compared with CK, G7 treatment significantly increased the soil alkaline phosphatase activity (P<0.05). Through a comprehensive analysis of the growth, nutrition, and soil indicators of alfalfa under different fertilization treatments, the best overall performance was G7 (rhizobium preparation and 30% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer), which was conducive to reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the Hexi region and provided a basis for the scientific fertilization of alfalfa in the Hexi region.

Key words: Alfalfa, Microbial fungicide, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction and rationing, Nutritional quality, Soil physical and chemical

中图分类号: 

S153

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