首页分享迎红杜鹃的花色素组成及花色在开花过程中的变化

迎红杜鹃的花色素组成及花色在开花过程中的变化

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-22 01:38

摘要：

分析了迎红杜鹃（Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz.）的花色素组成，调查了其在开花过程中花色、花色素组成和含量的变化。采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡和分光色差计测量了不同开花阶段的花色。结果表明，开花过程中花色的明度增加，彩度变小，由红紫（70B）变为淡紫红色（84B）。用高效液相色谱—光电二极管阵列检测技术（HPLC - PAD）和高效液相色谱—电喷雾离子化—质谱联用技术（HPLC - ESI - MS）分析花瓣中花青苷和黄酮醇的组成及含量。在520 nm和350 nm波长下，共检测到15种化合物：5种花青苷、8种黄酮醇和2种芳香酸，推定出了其中10种化合物。花青苷：锦葵素 3-阿拉伯糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷；黄酮醇：杨梅黄素3-半乳糖苷和杨梅黄素3-鼠李糖苷；槲皮素3-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-葡萄糖苷和两种槲皮素-鼠李糖苷以及山奈酚3-鼠李糖苷；芳香酸：绿原酸及其异构体。未检测到酰基化色素及5-O-甲基化黄酮醇。在6个开花阶段中，虽然花色变化明显，但花色素种类不变，其含量在各阶段差异极显著。从小蕾期到初开期，总花青苷含量（TA）和总黄酮醇含量（TF）迅速减少，花开放后变化平稳。基于花色素组成信息，探讨了耐寒杜鹃的花色育种策略。

关键词: 迎红杜鹃, 花青苷, 类黄酮, 花色, 液质联用

Abstract:

The floral color of Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. was investigated in terms of its presentation, pigments composition, changes in the composition during blooming season. The floral color was measured according to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC) and then by a NF333 spectrophotometer. The results indicated that floral lightness increased, while the value of chroma decreased during the blooming period, and floral color turned from red purple (70B) to violet (84B) at the meantime. A high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC - PAD) and HPLC - electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry (HPLC - ESI - MS) methods were employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins and flavonols. In total, 15 compounds were detected at 520 nm and 350 nm in the petals: five anthocyanins, eight flavonols and two aromatic acids. Ten of them were tentatively identified, including one anthocyanin (malvidin 3-arabinoside-5-glucoside), seven flavonols (myricetin 3-galactoside, myricetin 3-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, two quercetin- rhamnosides and kaempferol 3-rhamnoside), and two aromatic acid (chlorogenic acid and its isomer). No acylated pigments and 5-O-methylated flavonols were detected. Although the floral color changed significantly in the six blooming stages, the pigment composition kept unchanged, and the pigment content showed significant difference from the initiation of floral buds to the late opening of flowers. Total anthocyanins content (TA) and total flavonols content (TF) decreased rapidly during the first three stages, and then changed smoothly. The floral color breeding strategies for cultivars with cold resistance were discussed based on the pigment composition of R. mucronulatum.

Key words: Rhododendron mucronulatum, anthocyanin, flavonoid, floral color, HPLC-MS

中图分类号:

S 685.21