首页分享短期秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构和水分影响

短期秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构和水分影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-21 09:58

摘要：

通过大田试验和蒸发桶模拟试验,分析了短期秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构和水分蒸发的影响。设对照（CK）、碎秆还田（T1）、碎秆还田+整秆覆盖（T2）和整秆覆盖（T3）4种处理。研究发现：（1） 0~20 cm土层,T1、T2和T3均能降低土壤容重,增大土壤毛管孔隙度,但对团聚体影响差异较大,T1和T2大团聚体含量比CK显著增加36.90%和63.06%（P<0.05）,T3比CK降低9.89%。（2） T1、T2和T3均能提高0~60 cm土层土壤平均含水量,降低土壤水分累积蒸发量。T3的累计蒸发量最小,T2和T3之间差异不显著,与CK相比,其抑制水分蒸发率分别是3.65%和4.13%。（3）碎秆还田+整秆覆盖对改良土壤结构和抑制土壤水分蒸发效果最佳。

关键词: 秸秆碎秆还田, 秸秆整秆覆盖, 土壤物理结构, 土壤水分蒸发

Abstract:

Soil structure and water content are key factors influencing crop production. The effects of different short-term straw returning measures on soil structure and water evaporation were analyzed via field experiment and using evaporation bucket simulation tests. Four treatments were used: control (CK), broken stalks returned to the field (T1), broken stalks returned to the field plus whole stalk cover (T2), and whole stalk cover (T3). The study found the following results: (1) for the 0-20 cm soil layer, T1, T2, and T3 decreased soil bulk density and increased soil capillary porosity but had significant effects on aggregates. The contents of large aggregates in T1 and T2 significantly increased by 36.90% and 63.06%, respectively, compared with CK (P<0.05). Moreover, large aggregate content in T3 decreased by 9.89% compared with that in CK. (2) T1, T2, and T3 may increase the average soil water content in the 0-60 cm soil layer and decrease the cumulative evaporation of soil water. The smallest cumulative evaporation was seen in T3, and no significant difference was observed between T2 and T3. Compared with CK, the transpiration inhibition rate of T2 and T3 was 3.65% and 4.13%, respectively. (3) Broken stalks returned to the field plus whole stalk cover had the best effect on improving soil structure and inhibiting soil water evaporation.

Key words: straw broken stalk return to the field, whole straw mulch, soil physical structure, evaporation of soil water