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不同光照强度对甘薯光合特性和开花的影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-20 07:03

摘要：

甘薯为短日照植物，在我国北方大部分地区都无法自行开花。为探索甘薯开花的适宜光照条件，以龙薯9号、烟薯29号、烟薯24号、烟薯25号和烟薯26号为材料，在嫁接和短日照条件下，设置弱光处理（25%全光照）和自然光处理（全光照），研究不同光照强度对甘薯生长开花的影响。结果表明，弱光照对5个甘薯品种的生长、现蕾和开花影响较大，可促进甘薯地上部生长，显著减少了易开花甘薯品种的成花数量，龙薯9号、烟薯29号和烟薯24号开花数量分别减少54.2%、66.5%和64.5%。弱光处理下5个品种的最大净光合速率均降低50.0%以上，气孔导度降低20.3%~25.0%，蒸腾速率降低18.8%~22.6%，表明在8 h短日照的自然光强条件更有利于嫁接甘薯开花。

关键词: 甘薯, 光照强度, 开花, 光合特性

Abstract:

Sweet potato is a short-day plant, which is unable to flower spontaneously in most areas of north China. In order to explore the suitable light conditions for sweet potato flowering, Longshu 9, Yanshu 29, Yanshu 24, Yanshu 25 and Yanshu 26 were used as materials to study the effects of different light intensities on the growth and flowering of sweet potato under the conditions of grafting and short-day treatment, with weak light treatment (25% full light) and natural light treatment (full light). The results showed that weak light had a greater impact on the growth, bud emergence and flowering of five sweet potato varieties. Weak light promoted the vegetative growth of Yanshu 24, Yanshu 25 and Yanshu 26, and inhibited the vegetative growth of Yanshu 29; The decrease of light intensity significantly reduced the number of flowering of easy-flowering sweet potato varieties. The number of flowering of Longshu 9, Yanshu 29 and Yanshu 24 decreased by 54.2%, 66.5% and 64.5%, respectively. The maximum light absorption rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the five varieties treated with low light were all reduced by more than 50.0%, 20.3%-25.0% and 18.8%-22.6%, respectively. This study showed that 8 h short day natural light intensity condition is more conducive to the grafting sweet potato flowering.

Key words: Sweet potato, Light intensity, Flowering, Photosynthetic characteristics