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全球植物园发展历史、现状与展望

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-18 13:02

摘要：

植物园具有渐进式古老根源, 其理念源远流长, 可追溯至华夏草药文明史上的“神农本草园”。而现代植物园的历史则可追溯到早期欧洲大学的药用植物园, 其前身为中世纪草药园, 是传统植物学和古代园林的历史传承与时代演进。历经欧洲文艺复兴后500年的演进, 现代植物园不仅是重要的科学艺术中心, 而且已发展成为自然、文化、艺术和科学交融的植物学机构。同时, 不断面临新挑战、适应新变化、承担新使命, 目前全球植物园已步入多模式并存、以迁地保护为核心使命的可持续发展时代。展望未来, 我国国家植物园建设应建立更高效运行的植物迁地保护体系, 遵循更严格的科学标准, 实施更高水准的专业管理, 有效弥合植物园的历史遗产与当前的保护需求。我国植物园界要坚持迁地保护优先理念, 在深入评价迁地植物区系的价值基础上, 建立国家活植物收集体系、开展高水平科学研究, 建设中国特色、世界一流、万物和谐的国家植物园体系, 推进植物保护研究、资源发掘应用和经济社会可持续发展。

关键词: 全球植物园, 发展历史, 现状, 展望

Abstract

Background: Botanical gardens have deep historical roots, drawing inspiration from the ancient “Shennong Herbal Garden” that has played a pivotal role in China’s herbal civilization. While the origins of modern botanical gardens can be traced back to the medicinal gardens of early European universities, their predecessors lie in medieval herb gardens, representing the rich heritage and evolutionary path of traditional botany and ancient gardens.

Review findings: Over the course of 500 years since the European Renaissance, modern botanical gardens have evolved into vital centers of science and art. They have transcended their roles as mere repositories of flora and fauna to become institutions that seamlessly blend nature, culture, art and science. These gardens have consistently embraced new challenges, adapted to changing circumstances, and taken on new missions, propelling them into an era of sustainable development, in which multiple models coexist harmoniously and at the heart of this transformation lies the core mission of ex situ conservation.

Recommendations: Looking ahead, the construction of China’s national botanical gardens should focus on creating efficient ex situ conservation networks while adhering to rigorous scientific standards. This entails implementing exemplary professional curation practices that bridge the historical legacy of botanical gardens with contemporary conservation imperatives. Prioritizing ex situ conservation efforts, China’s botanical garden community should curate national living collections and conduct high-level scientific research. This approach should be rooted in a renewed emphasis on the value of ex situ flora, ultimately contributing to the establishment of a world-class national botanical garden system. This system will advance plant conservation research, facilitate resource exploration and application, and foster sustainable economic and social development.

Key words: global botanical gardens, historical retrospectives, current status, future prospects