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10种菊科植物的抗旱性与抗盐性评价

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-17 08:12

摘要： 为筛选能够应用于干旱地区及盐性土壤的花海植物，以10种具有代表性的菊科植物为材料，利用PEG-6000溶液和盆栽控水法分别在种子萌发期和幼苗期进行干旱胁迫，利用NaCl溶液分别在这两个时期进行盐胁迫，测定供试植物种子的发芽指标、幼苗的质膜相对透性以及抗氧化酶活性等生理指标，通过隶属函数法全面评价10种菊科植物的抗旱性和抗盐性。结果表明：干旱或盐胁迫下，10种测试植物的生理指标变化显著;其中，相对电导率、丙二醛（MDA）含量均增加，但抗性强的品种增幅较小;过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性因物种不同存在差异;抗旱性强弱次序为波斯菊>万寿菊>小丽花>硫华菊>五色菊>向日葵>麦秆菊>矢车菊>勋章菊>异果菊；抗盐性强弱次序为波斯菊>硫华菊>小丽花>万寿菊>五色菊>矢车菊>向日葵>麦秆菊>勋章菊>异果菊。

关键词: 气候变化, 优先保护区域, 适宜生境, 鹤类

Abstract: To screen drought and salt resistant flower plants, two experiments were conducted. Drought stress was applied during the seed germination and seedling periods of 10 species from Asteraceae, using PEG6000 solution and potting water control method. Meanwhile, salt stress was processed using NaCl solution. The index of seed germination, the relative permeability of plasma membrane and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of the seedlings were measured. Drought resistance and salt resistance of all the species were evaluated with the method of membership function. The results showed that all measured indices changed significantly under drought or salt stress. Under both drought and salt stresses, the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased, with the magnitude of enhancement in the species with stronger resistance being smaller. The activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) differed among species. The drought resistance of different species ranged from strong to weak as following: Cosmos bipinnata>Tagetes erecta >Dahlia pinnatecv. >Cosmos sulphureus> Brachycome iberdifolia>Helianthusannuus >Helichrysum bracteatum > Centaurea cyanus >Gazania rigens> Dimorphotheca sinuata; salt resistance from strong to weak: Cosmos bipinnata>Cosmos sulphureus > Dahlia pinnate cv. >Tagetes erecta>Brachycome iberdifolia> Centaurea cyanus > Helianthus annuus >Helichrysum bracteatum> Gazania rigens>Dimorphotheca sinuata.

Key words: climate change, cranes, priority protection area., suitable habitat