外来入侵植物物种对传粉媒介的威胁和益处
Basic Appl. Ecol.
Pub Date : 2022-07-15
DOI : 10.1016/j.baae.2022.07.003
Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki , Viktor Szigeti , Zsombor Miholcsa , Dorottya Sándor , Zoltán Soltész , Edina Török , Annamária Fenesi
外来入侵植物物种通常不受欢迎，因为它们对本地社区的压力很大。然而，它们对传粉媒介的生态影响是复杂的：一些物种提供了丰富的花卉资源，增加了传粉媒介的数量，而它们往往通过竞争本土植物来破坏植物与传粉媒介的相互作用。我们的直接知识主要基于单物种研究，而了解这些复杂的生态相互作用的机制则需要基于多物种领域的方法。还必须从传粉媒介的角度阐明入侵植物的利弊以及入侵的驱动因素。我们在中欧和东欧进行了一项标准协议驱动的区域研究，比较了 12 种草本入侵植物物种的 6-7 个入侵和未入侵地点。我们采集了花卉资源、蜜蜂、和食蚜蝇在入侵植物开花之前和开花期间。我们在入侵植物物种水平和综合分析中分析了植物入侵的影响，并测试了入侵植物的寿命（多年生与一年生）和开花时间（早花、中花和晚花）是否会影响本地植物和传粉媒介的丰度、物种丰富度、多样性和物种组成。综合分析表明，开花植物和传粉者的丰度和物种丰富度之前较低，而在入侵地点的入侵植物开花期间两者的丰度较高。然而，入侵植物具有显着的物种特异性影响。与一年生植物相比，多年生入侵植物在开花前就对花卉资源和传粉媒介产生了更大的负面影响。入侵植物的开花时间对传粉者行会的影响不同。我们建议在一年中的某些关键时期，入侵植物可能为入侵生态系统中的传粉者提供主要的觅食资源。但是，它们也经常在一年中造成本地花卉资源的重大损失。在清除入侵植物期间，可能需要仔细准备和考虑，而不是简单的根除。
Threats and benefits of invasive alien plant species on pollinators
Invasive alien plant species are usually disliked due to their high pressure on native communities. However, their ecological effects on pollinators are complex: some species provide abundant floral resources, boosting the number of pollinators, while they often disrupt plant-pollinator interactions by outcompeting native plants. Our direct knowledge is mainly based on single-species studies, while understanding the mechanism of these complex ecological interactions needs multi-species field-based approaches. It is also imperative to clarify the pros and cons of invasive plants and drivers of invasion from the perspective of pollinators. We conducted a standard protocol-driven regional study in Central and Eastern Europe, comparing 6-7 invaded and non-invaded sites of 12 herbaceous invasive plant species. We sampled floral resources, bees, and hoverflies before and during the flowering of the invasive plants. We analysed the effects of plant invasion at the invasive plant species level and in combined analyses, and tested whether the life span (perennial vs. annual) and flowering time (early-, middle-, and late-flowering) of invasive plants affect the abundance, species richness, diversity and species composition of native plants and pollinators. The combined analyses showed lower abundance and species richness of flowering plants and pollinators before, and higher abundance of both during the flowering of invasive plants in invaded sites. However, invasive plants had significant species-specific effects. Perennial invasive plants had a stronger negative impact on floral resources and pollinators already before their flowering compared to annuals. Flowering time of invasive plants affected the pollinator guilds differently. We suggest that in certain critical time periods of the year, invasive plants might provide the dominant foraging resources for pollinators in an invaded ecosystem. But, they also often cause significant losses in native floral resources over the year. Instead of simple eradication, careful preparation and consideration might be needed during removal of invasive plants.
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HTMLhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.07.003
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