城市公园绿地植物及其管理措施对传粉昆虫多样性的影响——以重庆两江新区为例

Abstract:

Properly designed and managed urban green spaces effectively resolve the contradiction between urbanization and biodiversity. An in-depth analysis of the impact of different urban vegetation types and their management practices on pollinator community traits is of great significance to the formulation of scientific and practical pollinator-friendly plant community construction and management practices. Different vegetation types (lawns, perennial meadows, shrubs, sparse forests, dense woodlands) in 10 comprehensive parks in Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing were selected to analyze their differences in pollinator community traits, as well as the effects of plant variables and management practices on pollinator community composition, diversity, and floral visitation rates. The results show that the dominant pollinator species were Apis cerana, Episyrphus balteatus, and Melanostoma orientale, with Apidae, Syrphidae, and Halictidae being the dominant taxa. Significant differences were found in the pollinator diversity among different vegetation types. Shrubs and sparse forests had the highest diversity of pollinator species, followed by perennial meadows and dense woodlands, and lawns have the lowest diversity. This confirms that rich plant species, sufficient sunshine, a moderate number of tall trees, and shrubs are relatively high-quality habitats for pollinators. Lawns, being monocultures with high management intensity, are the main reason for low pollinator species diversity. Among all environmental factors, floral abundance positively affected pollinator diversity and composition, while herbicide use frequency had a significant negative effect. Moreover, herbicides, while targeting certain plants, can pose significant ecotoxicological risks to non-targeted plants and associated pollinators, resulting in reduced floral resources and pollinator visitation. Although Humulus scandens and Erigeron annuus significantly affected the species composition of some pollinators, both of them had strong invasiveness. Besides, Humulus scandens only attracted species that were widely distributed and it is hard to contribute to other wild and solitary bees. Erigeron annuus has become the target plant flowers of native insects, which is conducive to its invasion to local ecosystem, and even occupies the growth space of native plants and destroys the local ecosystem. Moreover, the pollination of some native plant species was sacrificed. The floral traits of Serissa japonica and Cyperus alternifolius significantly increased the number of visits by A. cerana, Eristalis cerealis, and Lasioglossum subopacum, respectively. It is recommended that in the future establishment and management of green spaces, the proportion of shrubs and sparse forests should be appropriately increased, and the plant species diversity of perennial meadows should be increased to provide nectar and pollen resources for different groups of pollinators; the use of herbicides should be avoided to reduce the threat to native plant species and relevant pollinators. This study provides scientific support for the establishment and management of bio-friendly green spaces in rapidly urbanizing areas, which is of great significance to maintaining the sustainability of urban spaces.

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