黑河底栖动物群落结构及生物多样性

摘要： 2018年8月对黑河上中游底栖动物群落结构及生物多样性进行了调查研究。结果表明：共采集到底栖动物43种，其中节肢动物34种，软体动物7种，环节动物为2种；优势种为大蚊（Tipulidae sp.）、豆娘幼虫（Damselfly sp.）、水蜘蛛（Argyroneta sp.）、耳萝卜螺（Radix auricularia）、琥珀螺（Suecinea sp.）、白旋螺（Gyraulus albus）。底栖动物的平均密度和生物量分别为76.94 ind·m-2和3.74 g·m-2；底栖动物的现存量有着明显的空间差异性，整体上干流（1 032 ind·m-2、60.0963 g·m-2）大于支流（276 ind·m-2、3.5233 g·m-2）。由Sorensen相似性指数分析得出在不同生境下底栖动物的群落组成存在差异，干流底栖动物（36种）明显比支流（15种）丰富。聚类分析显示，物种相对丰富的牛板筋、小孤山、龙渠、湿地公园、张掖黑河大桥、高崖、罗成、正义峡采样点聚为一类，其余各点聚为一类。根据Carlander生物量指数得出黑河上中游水质整体处于中营养状态，其中上游支流呈现贫营养水平，干流为中营养水平。

关键词: 黑河, 底栖动物, 生物学指数, 群落结构, 生物多样性

Abstract: The community structure and biodiversity of zoobenthos in the upper and middle reaches of Heihe River were investigated in August 2018. The results showed that 43 species of zoobenthos were collected, The results showed that 43 species of zoobenthos were collected, including 34 species of arthropods, 7 species of mollusks and 2 species of annelids. The dominant species were Tipulidae, Damselfly, Argyroneta, Radix auricularia, Suecinea sp., Gyraulus albus. The average density and biomass of zoobenthos were 76.94 ind·m-2 and 3.74 g·m-2, respectively. There were obvious spatial differences in the existing amount of zoobenthos. The existing amount of zoobenthos in the main stream (1 032 ind·m-2, 60.0963 g·m-2) was larger than that in the tributaries (276 ind·m-2, 3.5233 g·m-2). According to Sorensen similarity index analysis, the community composition of zoobenthos in different habitats has spatial differences. and zoobenthos in the main stream (36 species) are obviously richer than those in the tributaries (15 species). Cluster analysis showed that the relatively abundant cattle tendons, Xiaogushan, Longqu, Wetland Park, Zhangye Heihe Bridge, Gaoya, Luocheng and Zhengyixia sampling points were clustered into one group, while the remaining points were clustered into one group. According to Carlander's biomass index, the water quality in the upper and middle reaches of Heihe River was in a middle nutritional state, in which the tributaries were at a low nutritional level and the mainstream was at a middle nutritional level.

Key words: Heihe River Basin, zoobenthos, biological index, community structure, biodiversity

中图分类号: 

X820.2

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