首页分享中国不同气候类型森林土壤微生物群落结构及其影响因素

中国不同气候类型森林土壤微生物群落结构及其影响因素

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-09 05:48

摘要：

森林土壤微生物决定了森林生态系统的能量流动和物质循环，研究其群落结构和影响因素对于维持生态系统稳定性和应对全球气候变化具有重要意义。磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）因其仅在活体微生物中存在的特性，可以作为生物标志物直观反映土壤中不同种类微生物群落的生物量和群落结构。以土壤微生物为对象，采用PLFA方法，分析了中国全部6种气候类型中天然森林土壤中微生物的群落结构、生物量和理化性质，并采用相关分析和冗余分析方法分析了影响微生物群落结构的主要因素。结果表明，6种气候类型中，土壤容重、土壤pH、土壤凋落物碳质量分数、土壤有机碳质量分数、土壤总氮质量分数、土壤碳氮比和土壤总磷质量分数存在显著差异。真菌群落生物量在6种气候类型中存在显著差异，随气候类型从寒带-温带-热带变化中呈现先升后降的趋势。暖温带土壤真菌与细菌比值最高（0.7），显著高于亚热带、热带土壤（0.4－0.5）。热带土壤和高原土壤的革兰氏阳性与阴性菌比显著高于其他气候类型（1.3－1.5），亚热带土壤最低（0.7）。气候（年均温、年降水量）和土壤理化性质（土壤pH、土壤容重、土壤总氮质量分数和土壤有机碳质量分数）与PLFAs质量分数所代表的土壤微生物生物量和群落结构呈现显著相关关系（P<0.01）。综上，在中国6种气候类型中，森林土壤中总PLFAs所代表的生物量差异不大，但土壤的理化性质和微生物群落结构差异显著。森林土壤微生物群落结构最主要影响因素是年均温、年降水量和土壤pH值。

关键词: 森林土壤, 微生物群落结构, 微生物生物量, 气候类型

Abstract:

Forest soil microorganisms determine the energy flow and material cycle of forest ecosystems, and their community structure and influencing factors are significant to maintain ecosystem stability and respond to global climate change. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) can be used as biomarkers to directly reflect the biomass and community structure of different microbial communities in soil because they only exist in living microorganisms. This study focuses on soil microorganisms and uses the PLFA method to analyze the community structure, biomass, and physicochemical properties of microorganisms in natural forest soils from all six climate types in China. The main factors affecting the microbial community structure were analyzed using correlation analysis and redundancy analysis methods. The analysis results indicate that there are significant differences in soil density, soil pH, soil litter carbon content, soil organic carbon content, soil total nitrogen content, soil carbon nitrogen ratio, and soil total phosphorus content among the six climate types. There are significant differences in fungal community biomass among the six climate types, with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as the climate types change from cold zone to temperate zone to tropical zone. The ratio of fungi to bacteria in warm temperate soil is the highest (0.7), significantly higher than that in subtropical and tropical soils (0.4-0.5). The ratio of Gram positive to negative bacteria in tropical and alpine soils is significantly higher than that in other climate types (1.3-1.5), with the lowest in subtropical soils (0.7). The climate (annual average temperature, annual precipitation) and soil physicochemical properties (soil pH, soil density, soil total nitrogen content and soil organic carbon content) are significantly correlated with the soil microbial biomass and community structure represented by PLFAs content (P<0.01). This study summarizes that there is no significant difference in the overall microbial biomass represented by total PLFAs among six climate types, but there are significant differences in soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure. The main influencing factors of forest soil microbial community structure are annual mean temperature, annual mean precipitation and soil pH value. This study reveals the characteristics of forest soil microbial communities in China as a whole, and providing a basis for us to reveal the response of soil microbial communities to climate change in space.

Key words: forest soil, microbial structure, microbial biomass, climate types

中图分类号:

S718.5

X171.1

X172