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螨类休眠体的发育与治理.pdf

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-06 12:34

昆虫学报 Acta Entomologica Sinica, December2007,50(12):1293-1299
ISSN0454-6296
螨类休眠体的发育与治理
张曼丽,范青海
(福建农林大学生物农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,福州35000
摘要:休眠体是螨类抵御不良环境并借助携播者进行传捅的特殊形式,许多非痒螨股的无气门∏螨类都有此现象。
休眠体形成和解除由遗传素决定,也受到一种或多种环境困素的影响,如温度、湿度、营养和密度等,但各种因素
对不同的蝴类所起的作用不同;环境与遗传基因的柑互作用足决定休眠体形成与解除的关键。-些易形成休眠体
的螨类是生产和生渐中的重要苦虫,它们表皮构造特殊、个体微小,给防治和枪疫工作造成了很人闲难。为此,本
文对休眠体的发生、传播、生长发了和防治等方的研究概況进行了回顾
关键词:螨:休眠休;发育;携播;环境因素;遗传因素;防治
中图分类号:965文献标识码:A文章编号:0454-62962007012-1293-07
The development of mite hypopi(Acari )and their control
ZHANG Man-ii, FAN Qing-hai(Key Iaboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of
Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China)
Abstract: Hypopi are specialized forms of non-psoroplidia astigmatic mites that may occur belween
oro nymphal and tritonymphal stages. They are produced to resist the worsening habitat or adverse
environmental conditions and to disperse by means of other animals. Their formation and molting are
determined by genetic factors and influenced by one or more environmental factors such as temperature, relative
humidity, nutrition and density, whose effects differ from species to species. The interaction of genetic and
environmental factors plays a key role in the process. Many of these mites are closely related to our lives and
have brought difficulties to manage and quarantine due to their highly scleritized cuticle and small size. In view
of the importance of the special stage, herein we comprehensively review the research progress in the
occurrence, dispersal, formation, molting and control of the hypopi
Key words: Acari; hypopus; development; phoresy; environmental factors; genetic factors; control
埤螨业纲( Acari)元气门月( Astigmata)的?些螨体眠体( inert hypopus)两类。大部分体眠体是活动
类在发育过程中形成·个异发育状态,即介于第休眠体,能自由活动,只吸盐板适合于吸附或抱握在
1若螨和第3若螨的体眠体( hypopus)或称为第2若其他动物身体上( Hughes,1976;李隆术和李云瑞,
螨( deutonymph)。体眠体不取食,是螨类抵抗不良环1988);少数类,如:食甜螨属 Glycyphagus和短毛
境、加强和的延续和传播的一利特殊形式。体眠体螨属 Chaetodoctylaus的利类,能形成不活动体眠体,身
在身体结构?和功能上发生:了·系列变化:在其形成体被包围在第1若螨的皮売中,儿乎完全不活动。
之前,第1若螨体驱逐渐娄编,变成圆形或卵圆形,而最枚端的形式,如:家食甜螨 Glycyphagus
表皮骨化变硬,体色随时问推移而由浅变深:颚体 domesticus,其休体由一个卵凤形的囊状物组成,除
退化,取食器官消失,在术体区形成?个发达的吸盘神经系统保持原形外,肌肉和消化道均退化为无结
板( ughes,1976)。这种类型的生活史在动物界十构的材块( Hughes and Hughes,1939)。
分见。
?在120多年前, Michael就发表了关于休眠体
休眠体有活动体眠体( active hypopus)和不活动问题的文章,说明体眠体是一个异型阶段,认为有些
基金项日:国家白然科学基金项日(30570220);補姓省白然科学基金项日(BO410014)
作者简介:张曼丽,女,1981年5月生,河北石家応人,上研究生,从事蜱蝴行为学研究,F-mail:andizhan3G@126.com
米通试作者 Author for correspondence,F- mail: ghfanacari(@gnil.om
收稿期 Received:2007-04-26;接受期 Accepted:200-1-13