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植物病毒互作研究及基因编辑技术在抗病育种中的应用进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-04 22:34

摘要： 病毒病害是危害农作物生长的重要病害,最经济有效的防治策略是选育对病毒有抗性的品种。随着病毒与植物互作研究的深入,我们对于病毒在其生活周期中与其所依赖的植物基因的互作有了深入的认识。病毒进入植物细胞后,其病毒颗粒的解聚、基因的表达、基因组的复制、其核酸蛋白复合体通过包间连丝和韧皮部的移动等过程都依赖病毒基因与植物特定基因的相互作用。这些植物基因的隐性突变可以导致植物对病毒的抗性。这类变异存在于作物的自然变异群体中,可以直接应用于抗病育种。CRISPR/Cas介导的基因编辑技术是一种可以在动植物体内对DNA序列进行定点突变的新技术,在过去几年里得到了突飞猛进的发展。利用该技术对病毒所依赖的植物基因进行定点突变或编辑,从而打破病毒与植物基因的互作关系,为创造抗病毒的作物提供了一条行之有效的途径。植物病毒互作研究和基因编辑技术的结合可以克服自然变异群体中,病毒依赖基因隐性突变频率小的问题,加速相关种质资源的创新步伐。因此它们正成为两支有力的翅膀,推动抗病育种的腾飞。拟通过对基因编辑研究领域近两年的研究进展以及植物与病毒互作研究领域的研究成果进行归纳总结,为基因编辑技术在抗病毒植物种质创新提供参考。

关键词: 基因编辑, 植病互作, 病毒, 抗病育种

Abstract: Viral diseases impose serious threat to crop production and the best management strategy is to breed virus-resistant crop varieties for production. Research on plant-virus interaction has revealed mechanistic insights on the interactions between viral and plant genes which are essential for viruses to complete their life cycle. Once a virus enters its host plant cells, its particle disassembly, gene expression, genome replication, and ribonucleoprotein complex movement through plasmodesmata and phloem tissue are all dependent on interactions between viral products and specific plant genes. The recessive mutation of those plant genes can confer viral resistance to plants. Such mutation exists in plant natural population and can be directly employed in breeding viral resistant crops. CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing enables targeted gene mutagenesis in both plants and animals in vivo and there has been an explosion in the development of this technology in the past five years. It allows precise mutation and editing of the plant genes required for virus infection, thus to effectively create virus-resistant crop. In this review, we aim to summarize recent advancements in gene editing research and current knowledge on plant-virus interaction and provide guidelines for creating viral resistant crops using gene editing technology.

Key words: gene editing, plant-virus interaction, virus, virus-resistant breeding