首页分享毛酸浆(Physalis pubescens)花形态特征与小孢子发育

毛酸浆(Physalis pubescens)花形态特征与小孢子发育

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-04 20:42

摘要： 许多重要蔬菜和水果隶属于茄科（Solanaceae），植物花发育是物种延续和产品形成关键决定因子。茄科毛酸浆（Physalis pubescens）是药食同源半野生浆果，目前其花发育研究不多。为了从不同视角了解茄科植物花发育，本研究采用比较生物学方法从花的形态特征和解剖学层面解析了毛酸浆（P.pubescens）和茄科模式植物番茄（Solanum lycopersicum var.cerasiforme）花器特征和小孢子发育进程。结果显示，开花后毛酸浆花萼迅速生长包被果实、花瓣有紫色斑纹、花药顶颈可育及背部开裂散粉特征与番茄花萼生长缓慢、黄色花瓣、花药顶颈不育及腹缝开裂散粉方式截然不同，展示了茄科植物遗传多样性。毛酸浆小孢子发育，在“四分体”之前迟于番茄，而“四分体”之后期却快于番茄。特别是番茄药隔组织在“四分体”时期开始向药室异常内突，并在花粉成熟期占据药室近1/2空间，而未在毛酸浆中观察到。该研究为开发茄科新的模式植物和从不同视角理解庞大茄科植物花发育提供了重要信息。

关键词: 毛酸浆, 樱桃番茄, 小孢子发育

Abstract: Numerous plants in Solanaceae family were important crops of the vegetable fruit worldwideto provide source of nutrients and vitamins in the human diet, and flower development is associated with species continuityin nightshade family and yield formation. Physalis pubescens is a small half-domesticated berry for medicinal and edible in Solanaceae family. To understand the flower development in Solanaceae family plants deeply, the approach of the comparative biology was adopted to dissect flower phenotypes, microsporogenesis and development in P.pubescens compared with cherry tomato(Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme), which a model plant in Solanaceae family. The results showed that sepal growth of P.pubescens was faster after flowering than that in cherry tomato, which even was slow growtheven cease. The yellowish petal with a brown spot like eyein P.pubescens was distinctly differed from yellow petal of cherry tomato. The top anther was fertile and mature pollen was spilt out from back of the anther in P.pubescens, while narrowtop anther in cherry tomato was sterile and pollen was spilt out from opening ventral suture of the anther. The microspore development was delayer in P.pubescens before tetrad stage than that in cherry tomato, but was earlier after tetrad stage than that in the latter. The most striking is abnormal growth of theseptum tissue intopollen locules in cherry tomato, and reached 1/2 of locule while pollen mature stage, but not found in P.pubescens. Those results would develop a novel model plant and provide an insight into flower development in the huge Solanaceaefamily.

Key words: Physalis pubescens, Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, microspore development

中图分类号:

Q949.777.7