首页分享稻田水氮氧环境因子对水稻生长发育、光合作用和氮利用的调控研究进展

稻田水氮氧环境因子对水稻生长发育、光合作用和氮利用的调控研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-04 15:29

摘要： 水分和氮素是影响水稻生长发育的两个重要环境因子。适宜的水氮耦合模式可通过“以水调氮、以水控氧”调控稻田根际氮形态和溶氧量等环境因子,促进良好根系形态构建,提高叶片光合速率和光合产物“源-库”分配平衡,提高水稻群体质量和产量形成。同时,稻田水氮氧环境因子驱动的微生物调控机制在水稻-土壤系统氮高效利用方面也发挥重要作用。本文重点阐述了水氮耦合下水分、氮形态和溶氧量对水稻生长发育、光合作用、碳氮代谢、稻田氮转化过程及其微生物调控机制等方面的研究进展,展望并提出了未来亟待加强的研究方向:1)开展水氮耦合下水稻根际溶氧量时空动态分布特征及氧环境调控关键因子研究;2)明确不同基因型水稻根源信号增氧响应特征及其对水稻生长发育的影响调控机制;3)阐明根际氧环境驱动的关键微生物过程对稻田氮转化和氮素利用的影响。

关键词: 水氮耦合, 水氮氧因子, 生长发育, 光合作用, 氮利用, 水稻

Abstract: Water and nitrogen are two important factors controlling rice growth and development. Suitable water-nitrogen interaction can alter nitrogen forms and oxygen environmental factors via regulating water content in the rhizosphere of paddy soil, promote the construction of root morphology, improve leaf photosynthesis and the allocation equilibrium of the photosynthetic products between the source and sink organs, and consequently increase rice population quality and grain yield. The microbial regulation mechanisms driven by the environmental factors (e.g. water, nitrogen and oxygen) also play an important role in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice-soil system. Here, we reviewed the research progress in water-nitrogen interaction, and briefly discussed the effects of water, nitrogen form, and dissolved oxygen on rice growth, photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen conversion and the underlying microbiological mechanism. We proposed several key directions for future researches: 1) to quantitatively investigate the spatial and temporal variations of dissolved oxygen in rhizosphere and their dominant environmental drivers under different water and nitrogen regimes; 2) to evaluate the responses of root-sourced signal to rhizosphere dissolved oxygen in different rice genotypes, and uncover its intrinsic mechanisms involved in rice growth and development; 3) to investigate the effects of key microbial process driven by the rhizosphere oxygen environment on the soil nitrogen conversion and rice nitrogen utilization.

Key words: water and nitrogen interaction, water-nitrogen-oxygen factor, growth and development, photosynthesis, nitrogen utilization, rice