植物根鞘研究综述

植物根鞘研究综述

DOI:

作者:

段仁燕

湖南人文科技学院农业与生物技术学院, 娄底 417000;湖南人文科技学院湘中特色农业资源开发利用与质量安全控制湖南省高校重点实验室, 娄底 417000
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基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(32371589);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2024JJ7238);湖南省科技创新团队项目(201937924)

Research progress and prospect of plant rhizosheath

Author:

DUAN Renyan

College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource Development, Utilisation and Quality and Safety Control of Hunan Characteristics in Hunan Universities, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
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YANG Hui

College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
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FENG Ruowei

Ziyang Branch of Yiyang Ecological Environment Bureau, Yiyang 413001, China
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MENG Fuming

College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
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HU Wei

College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
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ZHANG Yu

College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
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DAI Qian

College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
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ZHANG Ping

College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
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摘要:

根鞘作为植物根际微域的关键保护结构,其生态功能主要体现于调控土壤养分循环与碳固存过程,已成为生态学、土壤学和微生物学等多学科交叉研究热点。该结构的形成受根毛动态发育、根际微生物群落互作、环境因子胁迫响应及宿主植物遗传调控等多维度因素共同影响,显著增强植物对环境的适应性。尽管显微成像和超声波分离等技术的发展推动了该领域研究,但概念界定不一致和方法体系不完善仍制约着对根鞘功能的深入认识。通过系统阐述根鞘的概念内涵、分离提取技术及研究方法进展,重点解析其在改良土壤团聚体结构、促进土壤有机碳周转、激活根际微生物功能、优化植物土壤资源(水分与矿质养分)获取效率等方面的生态效应,为揭示植物适应环境的机制提供理论依据。基于当前研究瓶颈,从理论体系构建与方法学创新两方面展望了未来研究方向,以期为深化根鞘理论的研究及其生态应用提供科学参考。

Abstract:

The rhizosheath, a self-assembled rhizospheric microstructure ubiquitously observed in angiosperms, represents a critical ecophysiological interface mediating tripartite plant-soil-microbe interactions. This evolutionarily conserved structure significantly enhances plant environmental adaptability through multifaceted mechanisms involving: (i) root hair developmental plasticity, (ii) microbiome-mediated feedback loops, (iii) stress-responsive phenotypic adjustments, and (iv) host genetic regulatory networks. While emerging techniques like in visualization and ultrasonic separation have advanced the field, conceptual inconsistencies and methodological constraints (e.g., sampling disturbance) continue to limit comprehensive functional characterization. This review systematically synthesizes conceptual frameworks, extraction techniques, and methodological progress, with particular emphasis on elucidating its multifunctional roles: (i) regulating soil biogeochemical cycles through physical stabilization of soil aggregates and chemical promotion of organic carbon sequestration; (ii) serving as microbial hotspot mediating nutrient transformations; and (iii) functioning as stress-responsive organ via exudate-mediated signaling cascades. Future research should prioritize interdisciplinary approaches to decipher mechanistic links between rhizosheaths and global change scenarios, sustainable agriculture, ecosystem services, and microbial interactions, while developing sheath-enhanced plants for ecological adaptation, thereby bridging disciplinary gaps among microbial ecology, soil science, and plant physiology.

段仁燕,杨辉,冯若维,蒙富明,胡伟,张宇,戴谦,张萍.植物根鞘研究综述.生态学报,2026,46(6):2807~2817

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