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百合林下种植模式在农林复合系统中的应用

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2026-04-05 13:08

摘要:

目的

当前农林复合体的研究多集中于林下单一模式的应用探索，各种模式之间缺乏交叉融合，导致资源循环利用率偏低。本研究旨在探索林花模式在农林复合体中的应用，为农林复合系统的高效生产、资源循环利用与开发提供科学依据。

方法

本研究选用‘穿梭’百合品种，在北京房山地区大石窝镇国家林下经济示范基地的露地及不同人工林（白蜡、柳树）林下种植，分析不同林分、不同土壤养分条件（园区农林废弃物腐熟发酵肥不同组合处理）对百合生长状况、鲜花品质以及百合种球品质的影响。在基地园区内槐树林下，分6个时间批次种植‘穿梭’百合种球，探究林下不同时期播种对百合可持续的景观花期、种球品质以及百合花瓣活性物质积累的影响。同时，将百合干花粉作为饲料添加剂饲喂北京油鸡，评估其对鸡肉品质的改良效果。

结果

（1）在40% ~ 50%郁闭度的白蜡林下种植的百合花蕾数量、大小、植株茎粗以及收获的种球周径、质量与与露地种植的百合无显著差异；在70% ~ 80%郁闭度的柳树林下种植百合的株高显著高于露地百合植株，花蕾个数显著减少。（2）农林复合系统自产腐熟发酵肥可以显著改善因林地养分缺乏导致的植株生长缺素的问题，提高收获百合种球的品质，尤其是“叶面肥 + 鸡粪肥”的组合处理表现出明显的优势，具备替代市售基质营养土的潜力。（3）林下不同批次种植的百合花中，深秋（种植批次2023−11−01）、初夏（种植批次2024−05−22）和盛夏（种植批次2024−06−20）种植的百合花蕾最长、花鲜质量最高。分期分批种植可使百合花期可从6月初持续到10月底。百合花中总黄酮、总生物碱和总多糖的合成和积累在花瓣中因季节和温度的变化有明显差异，其中黄酮在初夏（种植批次2023−11−01）和初秋（种植批次2024−06−20）开花的花瓣中含量最高，生物碱、多糖分别在8月中旬（种植批次2024−06−20）收获的花瓣中积累水平最高，花青素是在盛夏时期（种植批次2024−05−22）收获的百合花瓣中积累最多。（４）用添加4%百合花干粉的鸡饲料喂食3月龄雏鸡3个月可使鸡胸肉中积累的皂苷、类活萝卜素比对照分别提高24.4%和43.4%，黄酮和生物碱分别增加1.0倍和4.7倍，表明此方法可有效提升鸡肉的营养价值。

结论

本研究通过探索林下百合种植多种应用模式，实现了农林复合体中模式间的有机融合，达到林下百合生产、景观提升、以及百合花营养价值开发和高值化利用的目标，将为促进农林复合系统的高效循环发展和综合开发利用提供更多的思路和借鉴。

Abstract:

Objective

Current research on agroforestry systems often focuses on exploring single model application in understory, with limited cross-integration between different models, which lead low resource recycling efficiency. This study aims to explore the application of the forest-ornamental mode in agroforestry systems and provide a scientific basis for the efficient production, resource recycling, and development of agroforestry systems.

Method

Lilium ‘Tresor’ bulbs was planted in the open field and under-forest of willow and Chinese ash in the National Underforest Economic Demonstration Base in Dashiwo Town, Fangshan County, Beijing. Subsequently, the effects of different forest stands and soil nutrient conditions (different combination treatments of decomposed and fermented fertilizer by agroforestry waste (DFF-AW) in the park) were analyzed on the growth status of lilies, the quality of fresh flowers, as well as the quality of lily bulbs. Six batches of Lilium ‘Tresor’ bulbs were planted under the Sophora japonica forest to investigate the effects of planting at different times on the sustainable flowering period, bulb quality, and accumulation level of active substances in lily petals. Meanwhile, dried lily petal meal (DLPE) was fed to Beijing-You chicks as feed additive to evaluate its improvement effect on chicken quality.

Results

(1) When canopy density was 40%-50%, there was no significant difference in bud number, size, stem diameter, circumference and quality of harvested bulbs between lily planted under Fraxinus chinensis stands and those planted in open field; when canopy density was above 70%, lily plant height under willow forest was significantly higher than that of open field, and bud number decreased significantly. (2) DFF-AW could significantly alleviate plant nutrient deficiencies caused by insufficient soil nutrients in forest lands, and improve the quality of lily bulbs. In particular, the combination of “foliar fertilizer + chicken manure” showed obvious advantages and had the potential to replace commercially available substrate nursery soil.(3)Among different batches, lilies planted in late autumn (batch 2023-11-01), early summer (batch 2024-05-22) and midsummer (batch 2024-06-20) had the longest flower buds and the heaviest fresh flower weight. Planting lilies in batches under the forest could make the flowering period last from early June to late October. The synthesis and accumulation of total flavonoids, total alkaloids and total polysaccharides varied significantly with seasons and temperatures. Among which, flavonoids content of flower petals were highest in early summer (batch 2023-11-01) and early autumn (batch 2024-06-20). The content of alkaloids and polysaccharides of lily petals harvested in mid-August (batch 2024-06-20) were highest. Anthocyanins accumulate most in petals harvested in the hot summer (batch 2024-05-22). (4) Feeding 3-month-old Beijing-You chick three months by chicken feed with 4 % dried lily petal meal (DLPE) as dietary supplementation could promote the content of saponins and carotenoids in chicken breast meat by 24.4% and 43.4% respectively compared with the control group, and the content of flavonoids and alkaloids increased by 1 times and 4.7 times respectively, indicating that this method could effectively improve the nutritional value of chicken meat.

Conclusion

By exploring various application models for the lily planting under forest, this study successfully promoted organic cross-integration between forest-ornamental mode with other modles of agroforestry systems, and realized the goals such as lily production under forest, landscape improvement as well as nutritional value exploring and high-value utilization of lily flower. These application modles provide more ideas and references for promoting the efficient cyclic development and comprehensive utilization of agroforestry systems.

图 1 百合在露地、柳树和白蜡林下的生长状况

Figure 1. Growth status of lily in the open field, under-forest of willow and Chinese ash

图 2 不同林下种植对百合生长的影响

Figure 2. Impact of different understory planting on lily growth

图 3 农林废弃物腐熟发酵肥对百合生长的影响

Figure 3. Effect of DFF-AW on lily growth

图 4 农林废弃物腐熟发酵肥对百合种球的影响

Figure 4. Effect of DFF-AW on lily bulbs

图 5 不同播种时期对百合生长状况的影响

Figure 5. Impact of different planting times on the growth status of lilies

图 6 不同时期播种的百合花瓣活性物质含量分析

Figure 6. Analysis of the content of active substances in lily petals planted in different periods

图 7 百合花干粉对鸡肉营养品质的影响

Figure 7. Effect of dried lily petal meal on nutrient quality of chicken

表 1 4%百合花干粉对鸡肉营养品质的影响

Table 1 Effect of 4% dried lily petal meal on nutrient quality of chicken

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