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不同品种观赏海棠抗寒性的研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2026-02-06 14:02

摘要：为探究不同观赏海棠品种对低温胁迫的相应性差异，综合评价其抗寒能力，为我国北方寒冷地区的观赏海棠栽植提供参考。以6个观赏海棠品种的一年生枝条为材料，设置了0 ℃低温胁迫，测定电导率、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及SOD、POD和CAT活性等7个生理指标，并运用主成分分析和聚类分析进行综合评价，比较不同品种的抗寒能力。结果表明，电导率、可溶性蛋白质含量，SOD活性等7个生理指标在6个观赏海棠品种之间存在明显的差异性；相关性分析表明，电导率、可溶性蛋白质与可溶性糖、脯氨酸、SOD、POD和CAT之间均存在不显著的负相关性，SOD与POD、CAT之间呈正相关性。应用主成分分析，提取到3个主成分，其特征值分别为2.739、1.841和1.405，累计方差贡献率达到85.489 %，影响抗寒性的主要指标为可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD、POD和CAT活性。6个观赏海棠品种的抗寒性依次为：‘鸡心果’gt;‘红叶’gt;‘王族’gt;‘大叶北美’gt;‘牡丹’gt;‘红宝石’。聚类分析表明，6个观赏海棠品种的抗寒性可分为4类，分别为很强、强、弱、较弱。综合评价说明，‘鸡心果’、‘王族’的抗寒性很强，‘红叶’的抗寒性强，‘大叶北美’的抗寒性弱，‘牡丹’、‘红宝石’的抗寒性较弱。

关键词：观赏海棠；低温胁迫；抗寒性；主成分分析；聚类分析

Study on cold resistance of different varieties of Ornamental Crabapple

Zhang Peng-ju1， Zhou De-feng1， ZhangZhi-bin1， Cao Xiao-dong1， Han Duo-hong2

（1. "Hexi University，College of life sciences and engineering，Zhangye "734000，China；2. "Forest Farm of Xichengyi，Zhangye "734000， China ）

Abstract： In order to explore the corresponding differences of different ornamental crabapple varieties under low temperature stress， and comprehensively evaluate their cold resistance， it provides reference for ornamental crabapple planting in cold areas in northern China. The annual branches of 6 cultivars were subjected to 0℃low temperature stress， and 7 physiological indexes such as electrical conductivity， soluble protein， soluble sugar， proline content and SOD， POD and CAT activities were determined. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation to compare the cold resistance of different cultivars. The results showed that electrical conductivity， soluble protein content and SOD activity were significantly different among the 6 cultivars. Correlation analysis showed that conductivity， soluble protein and soluble sugar， proline， SOD， POD and CAT were not significantly negatively correlated， while SOD was positively correlated with POD and CAT. Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis， and their eigenvalues were 2.739， 1.841 and 1.405， respectively. The cumulative variance contribution rate reached 85.489%. The main indexes affecting cold resistance were soluble sugar content， proline content， SOD， POD and CAT activity. Six varieties of ornamental crabapple hardiness in the order： 'Ji xin guo' gt; 'Hong ye' gt; 'Wang zu' gt; 'Da ye bei mei' gt; 'Mu dan' gt; 'Hong bao shi'. The cluster analysis showed that the cold resistance of 6 ornamental begonia varieties could be divided into 4 categories， which were strong， strong， weak and weak respectively. The comprehensive evaluation shows that the cold resistance of 'Ji xin guo' and 'Wang zu' is very strong， the cold resistance of 'Hong ye' is strong， the cold resistance of 'Da ye bei mei' is weak， and the cold resistance of 'Mu dan' and 'Hong bao shi' is weak.

Key words：Ornamental Crabapple；low temperature stress；cold resistance；principal component analysis；Cluster analysis

海棠（Malus spp.）为蔷薇科（Rosaceae）苹果属（Malus Mill.）落叶灌木或小乔木，为我国著名观赏树种[1]。我国海棠资源丰富，种植历史达千余年之久，因其花朵艳丽，果实鲜甜、营养价值高，具有较强的抗逆性和环境适应性，如耐贫瘠、耐寒、耐旱等，广受大众喜爱并在城乡绿化和各种园林景观中得到了广泛应用[2-4]。……

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