小果野芭蕉Musa acuminata

中文名（Chinese Name）：小果野芭蕉
学名（Scientific Name）：Musa acuminata Colla
英文名（English Common Name）：edible banana
别名（Chinese Common Name）：阿加蕉、小果野蕉
异名（Synonym）：Musa chinensis Sweet
科属（Family & Genus）：芭蕉科（Musaceae）芭蕉属
形态特征（Description）：假茎高约4.8米，油绿色，带黑斑，被有蜡粉。叶片长圆形，长1.9-2.3米，宽50-70厘米，基部耳形，不对称，叶面绿色，被蜡粉，叶背黄绿色，无蜡粉或被蜡粉，中脉上面绿色，下面白黄色；叶柄长约0.8米，被蜡粉，叶翼张开约0.6厘米。雄花合生花被片先端3裂，中裂片两侧有小裂片，二侧裂片先端具钩，钩上有毛，离生花被片长不及合生花被片之半，先端微凹，凹陷处具小尖突。果序长1.2米，总梗长达0.7米，直径4厘米，被白色刚毛。浆果圆柱形，长约9厘米，内弯，绿色或黄绿色，被白色刚毛，具5棱角，先端收缩而延成长0.6厘米的喙，基部弯，下延成长不及1厘米的柄，果内具多数种子，种子褐色，不规则多棱形，直径5-6毫米，高3毫米。
分布（Distribution）：产云南，生于海拔1200米以下阴湿的沟谷、沼泽、半沼泽及坡地上。印度、缅甸、泰国、越南，经马来西亚至菲律宾也有。
用途（Use）：假茎可作猪饲料。本种是目前世界上栽培香蕉的亲本种之一。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 24 Page 316
Musa acuminata Colla, Mem. Gen. Musa. 25:66. 1820.
小果野蕉 xiao guo ye jiao| Musaceae  | Musa
Pseudostems green with black blotches, ca. 4.8 m. Leaf sheath and petiole pruinose; petiole ca. 80 cm, margin erect or spreading and basally with scarious wings; leaf blade adaxially green and pruinose, abaxially yellow-green and pruinose or not, oblong, 1.9--2.3 m × 50--70 cm, base cordate, asymmetric, midvein adaxially green, abaxially white-yellow. Inflorescence subhorizontal or vertically reflexed; peduncle usually downy or hairy. Bracts bright red to dark violet, sometimes yellow at extreme apex, ovate, apex usually acute. Male flowers ca. 20 per bract, in 2 rows. Compound tepal white or cream, lemon yellow at apex, 3.5--4 cm, apex of outer lobes with a hooklike, hairy appendage; free tepal not more than 1/2 as long as compound tepal, apex emarginate, shortly apiculate. Infructescence ca. 1.2 m; peduncle to 70 × ca. 4 cm, white setose. Berries incurved, green to yellow-green, 5-angled when young, cylindric at maturity, ca. 9 cm, white setose, base curved and attenuate into a stalk, apex contracted into a rostrum 6--10 mm. Seeds numerous in wild plants but absent in cultivated clones, brown, depressed, 5--6 mm in diam., irregularly angled. 2 n = 22, 33.
Shaded and moist ravines, marshlands, semimarshlands, slopes, also cultivated; near sea level to 1200 m. Native in W Guangxi and Yunnan; cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, and Yunnan [India, Indonesia (Java), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Wild plants are diploid (2 n = 22) and bear fruits containing numerous seeds making them inedible. Cultivated plants are triploid (2 n = 33) and bear seedless, edible fruits; such plants have been called M. acuminata ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ ( M. cavendishii Lambert ex Paxton; M. chinensis Sweet; M. nana Loureiro).

（责任编辑：徐晔春）

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