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不同处理植物生长调节剂对‘素心’蜡梅切枝催花保鲜效果的影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-11-02 03:15

摘要: 为探究植物生长调节剂对蜡梅切枝的催花保鲜作用，以‘素心’蜡梅切枝为试验材料，研究7种不同浓度配比的GA3与6−BA的催花保鲜液对其外观形态和生理特性的影响。结果表明：7种催花保鲜剂均能有效促进蜡梅切枝开花，并延长其瓶插寿命。其中，30 g/L 蔗糖+300 mg/L 8−HQ+300 mg/L Al2(SO4)3 +120 mg/L GA3+120 mg/L 6−BA催花保鲜效果最佳，该处理组的蜡梅切枝瓶插寿命约为10 d，比CK的瓶插寿命延长了近6 d，开花率最高，最大开花直径比CK增加76.64%，催花时间最短。可溶性糖含量随瓶插天数增加呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势，MDA含量变化最小，而超氧化物歧化酶活性呈“U”型变化，过氧化物酶活性升高，有效缓解了可溶性糖的降解，增强了细胞膜的稳定性，改善了花枝内部环境，提高了蜡梅切枝催花的开花品质。

关键词: 蜡梅 / 切枝 / 催花 / 保鲜 / 植物生长调节剂

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of plant growth regulator on the flower promoting and fresh-keeping of cut flowers of Chimonanthus praecox. Seven treatments were set with different concentrations and ratios of gibberellins(GA3) and 6−benzylaminopurine(6−BA). The results showed that all treatments effectively advance the flowering of C. praecox, delay senescence, and extend the viewing period. Among them, the vase life of JS5 treatment(30 g/L sucrose + 300 mg/L 8−hydroxyquinoline + 300 mg/L Al2(SO4)3 + GA3 120 mg/L + 6−BA 120 mg/L) was the longest about 10 days, which was nearly 6 days longer than that of CK, and the bloomed ratio was the highest. The maximum flowering diameter increased by 76.64% compared with the control, and the flower urging time was the shortest. The soluble sugar in JS5 treatment increased first, then decreased and then increased, malondialdehyde(MDA) content fluctuated with the smallest and most stable amplitude, and the total superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in the cutting branch showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The JS5 treatment not only effectively alleviates the degradation of soluble sugar, but also enhances the tability of cell membrane and improves the internal environment of flowering branches, to achieve the effect of improving the quality of flowering.

图 1 蜡梅切花相关形态

Figure 1. Related forms of C. praecox cut flowers

图 2 蜡梅切枝在催花保鲜剂中瓶插后第2天开花情况对比

Figure 2. The flowering conditions of cut branches in plant growth regulator on the second day

图 3 蜡梅切枝在催花保鲜剂中花蕾开放数量

Figure 3. The number of open flowers of C. praecox in plant growth regulator

图 4 不同催花保鲜剂对蜡梅切枝花瓣中可溶性糖含量的影响

Figure 4. Effects of different plant hormone vase treatments on soluble sugar content in the petals of cut flowers

图 5 不同植物生长调节剂瓶插液对切枝花瓣中MDA含量的影响

Figure 5. Effects of different plant hormone vase treatments on MDA content content in the petals of cut flowers

图 6 不同催花保鲜剂对蜡梅切枝花瓣中超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

Figure 6. Effects of different plant hormone vase treatments on SOD total activity content in the petals of cut flowers

图 7 不同催花保鲜剂对蜡梅切枝花瓣中过氧化物酶活性的影响

Figure 7. Effects of different plant hormone vase treatments on POD activity content in the petals of cut flowers

表 1 各处理成分配比设计表

Table 1 Design of composition ratio of each treatment

处理试剂配比 JS1 基本配方 JS2 基本配方+120 mg/L GA3 JS3 基本配方+100 mg/L GA3+100 mg/L 6−BA JS4 基本配方+100 mg/L GA3+120 mg/L 6−BA JS5 基本配方+120 mg/L GA3+120 mg/L 6−BA JS6 基本配方+140 mg/L 6−BA JS7 基本配方+140 mg/L GA3+140 mg/L 6−BA CK 去离子水

表 2 不同激素浓度配比处理组的瓶插寿命、开花率、最大花径和催花时间

Table 2 Vase life, bloomed ratio, max flower diameter and flower forcing time of bottle insert under the treatment of different hormone concentration ratio

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