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放牧对草地生态系统结构与功能影响的研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-10-30 03:49

摘要： 放牧是草地生态系统最主要的利用方式之一，不同的草地类型、放牧强度、放牧家畜种类、草地利用方式以及气候变化等因素均会影响草地生态系统结构与功能。深入揭示放牧活动及气候变化对草地生态系统的影响机制对其可持续发展具有重要意义。本文系统综述了放牧对草地生态系统结构与功能的影响机制，并对该领域几个重要研究方向进行了展望，未来相关研究需重点关注的问题包括：(1)提升放牧草地生态系统中的空间耦合分析；(2)注重草地生态系统多功能性研究；(3)完善全球变化背景下的放牧地多因素嵌套试验；(4)开展不同种类放牧家畜混牧试验；(5)规范草地生态试验方法。以期为草地生态系统的适应性管理和可持续发展提供理论参考依据。

关键词: 放牧生态系统, 生态系统结构, 生态系统功能, 文献计量

Abstract: Grazing is one of the most important uses of grassland ecosystems,and different grassland types,grazing intensities,herbivore assemblages,grassland use types and climate change all influence the structure and function of grassland ecosystems. It is very important to understand the mechanisms of grazing and climate change on grassland ecosystems for their sustainable development. In order to provide a theoretical reference for the adaptive management and sustainable development of grassland ecosystems,this paper provided a systematic review of the mechanisms by which grazing affects the structure and function of grassland ecosystems,and provided an outlook on several important research directions in this theme,and future research issues as the following:(1) to improve spatial coupling analysis in grazing grassland ecosystems;(2) to focus on multifunctionality studies of grassland ecosystems;(3) to elaborate the multi-factorial nested experiments on grasslands in the context of global change;(4) to refine the mixed grazing experiments with different herbivore assemblages;(5) to standardize the methods of grassland ecological experiments.

Key words: Grazing ecosystem, Ecosystem structure, Ecosystem function, Bibliometric analysis

中图分类号:

S821.4+2