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15个小苍兰品种的花粉形态研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-10-24 14:15

摘要： 以15个小苍兰品种为试材，利用场发射扫描电镜（SET）对其进花粉形态观察，通过对花粉形状、大小、外壁纹饰及萌发器官等特征，分析不同品种间花粉形态之间的异同。结果表明：15个小苍兰品种的花粉均呈单粒存在且两侧对称，具远极单沟萌发孔，花粉外部形态均呈椭球形，极面观为舟形或心形，赤道面观除Castor外均为超长球形。花粉外壁纹饰均有小刺状凸起，多数品种表面有小穿孔和圆形斑纹。进一步聚类分析表明，15个小苍兰品种根据花粉形态特征可以分成3大类。本文首次报道了小苍兰的花粉形态，并且发现，不同品种间花粉形态特征具有一定差异，尤其是外壁纹饰细部特征和萌发器官的差别，体现了不同小苍兰品种间存在一定的遗传多样性和遗传分化，可为今后分析品种间亲缘关系及种质创新等提供有价值的科学依据。

关键词: 小苍兰, 花粉形态, 亲缘关系, 扫描电镜

Abstract: Pollen morphology of 15 cultivars of Freesia hybrida was measured using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and then the similarity and differences among cultivars were evaluated by the shape, size, exine ornamentation and aperture of pollen. The pollens of the 15 cultivars of F.hybrida are all single and zygomorphic with far polar single germinal furrow. All pollen grains are elliptical in shape and boat-like or heart-like in polar view while long spheroidal shape in equatorial view of all investigated cultivars except Castor. The exine of Freesia was interspersed with spininess, and the pollen surface of most cultivars has circular holes and circular markings. Furthermore, the 15 cultivars of Freesia were classed into three groups based on these pollen characteristics by cluster analysis. Taken all together, pollen morphology of Freesia plants was studied in the present study at the first time, and we also found the moderate differences of pollen morphology possessed among cultivars, especially in the characters of exine ornamentation and aperture of pollen, which demonstrated the genetic diversity and divergence in Freesia. Our findings will be valuable to analyze the phylogenetic relationship among the Freesia accessions in future.

Key words: Freesia hybrida, pollen morphology, relationship, scanning electron microscopy

中图分类号:

Q949.71+8.28